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Soil erosion and flood hazard zonation using morphometric and morphotectonic parameters in Upper Alaknanda river basin
Natural Hazards ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04129-y
Neeraj Pant , Rajendra Kumar Dubey , Anand Bhatt , Shive Prakash Rai , Prabhat Semwal , Sumit Mishra

In the present study, detailed morphometric, morphotectonic, statistical and hazard analyses have been carried out in the Upper Alaknanda river basin (UAB) located in Central Himalayas, Garhwal, India. The study area is bounded by the South Tibetan Detachment System in the north and by the Main Central Thrust in the south. The major river flowing in the area is Alaknanda which is a major tributary of river Ganga. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of active tectonics, flood hazard, and soil erosion on the basis of morphotectonic and morphometric parameters using the Cartosat-1 Digital Elevation Model and ArcGIS software. The study area is divided into 10 sub-basins, where 50 morphometric and 6 morphotectonic parameters were calculated. Bifurcation ratio and stream frequency show that streams up to third order is having steep gradient and rolling through highly dichotomized terrain, due to which high overland flow and less groundwater recharge takes places, whereas drainage density clearly indicates the high flood possibility in the region. Morphotectonic parameters indicate relatively young to an early mature geological stage of sub-basins and tectonically active region. The statistical analysis of morphometric parameters is carried out by using correlation analysis, hierarchal cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Based on their susceptibility to soil erosion, morphometry and landcover classification is carried out to prioritize the sub-basins of UAB. The combined morphometric, morphotectonic and statistical analysis indicates that the area is tectonically active and highly prone to flood, flood induced landslide and soil erosion. The case study of the 2013 flash flood event at three locations Benakuli, JP HEP and Pulna also confirms that the study area is hydro-geologically active to flood and flood induced hazards. The results obtained in this study are directly related to watershed management and hence soil erosion, tectonic activities and flash flood possibilities should be taken into consideration during future development in the area.



中文翻译:

基于形态学和形态构造参数的阿拉克南达河流域水土流失和洪灾危害分区

在本研究中,详细的形态,构造,统计和危害分析已在印度加尔瓦尔的喜马拉雅山中部的上阿拉克南达河流域(UAB)进行。研究区域以北部的南部藏族支队为边界,以南部的中央主推力为边界。该地区的主要河流是阿拉克南达河,它是恒河的主要支流。这项研究的目的是使用Cartosat-1数字高程模型和ArcGIS软件,在构造和形态学参数的基础上,研究活跃构造,洪水灾害和土壤侵蚀的影响。研究区域分为10个子流域,计算了50个形态学参数和6个形态构造参数。分叉比和水流频率表明,高达三阶的水流具有陡峭的坡度,并在高度二分的地形中滚动,这导致高水流和较少的地下水补给发生,而排水密度清楚地表明该地区高洪水的可能性。形态构造参数表明,亚盆地和构造活动区域相对较年轻,到早期成熟地质阶段。形态计量参数的统计分析是通过使用相关分析,层次聚类分析和主成分分析进行的。基于它们对土壤侵蚀的敏感性,进行了形态学和土地覆被分类,以对UAB的子盆地进行优先排序。组合形态学 形态构造和统计分析表明,该地区构造活跃,极易发生洪水,洪水诱发的滑坡和水土流失。2013年在Benakuli,JP HEP和Pulna三个地点发生的山洪暴发的案例研究也证实,该研究区域对洪水和洪水诱发的灾害具有积极的水文地质作用。这项研究获得的结果与流域管理直接相关,因此在该地区的未来开发中应考虑土壤侵蚀,构造活动和山洪暴发的可能性。

更新日期:2020-07-30
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