Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a direct-writing technique based in the action of a laser to print a small fraction of material from a thin donor layer onto a receiving substrate. Solid donor films have been used since its origins, but the same principle of operation works for ink liquid films, too. LIFT is a nozzle-free printing technique that has almost no restrictions in the particle size and the viscosity of the ink to be printed. Thus, LIFT is a versatile technique capable for printing any functional material with which an ink can be formulated. Although its principle of operation is valid for solid and liquid layers, in this review we put the focus in the LIFT works performed with inks or liquid suspensions. The main elements of a LIFT experimental setup are described before explaining the mechanisms of ink ejection. Then, the printing outcomes are related with the ejection mechanisms and the parameters that control their characteristics. Finally, the main achievements of the technique for printing biomolecules, cells, and materials for printed electronic applications are presented.

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激光诱导的正向转印：一种用于印刷功能墨水的方法

激光诱导的正向转移（LIFT）是一种直接写入技术，其作用是基于激光的作用，将一小部分材料从薄的施主层印刷到接收基板上。自固体施主膜问世以来就一直使用它，但是相同的操作原理也适用于油墨液体膜。LIFT是一种无喷嘴的打印技术，几乎没有限制要打印的墨水的粒度和粘度。因此，LIFT是一种通用技术，能够印刷任何可以配制油墨的功能材料。尽管其工作原理对固体和液体层均有效，但在本文中，我们将重点放在使用墨水或液体悬浮液进行的LIFT工作上。在解释墨水喷射机理之前，先描述了LIFT实验装置的主要元素。然后，打印结果与弹出机制以及控制其特性的参数有关。最后，介绍了用于印刷电子应用的生物分子，细胞和材料的印刷技术的主要成就。