Fluorinated compounds, while rarely used by nature, are emerging as fundamental ingredients in biomedical research, with applications in drug discovery, metabolomics, biospectroscopy, and, as the focus of this review, peptide/protein engineering. Leveraging the fluorous effect to direct peptide assembly has evolved an entirely new class of organofluorine building blocks from which unique and bioactive materials can be constructed. Here, we discuss three distinct peptide fluorination strategies used to design and induce peptide assembly into nano‐, micro‐, and macro‐supramolecular states that potentiate high‐ordered organization into material scaffolds. These fluorine‐tailored peptide assemblies employ the unique fluorous environment to boost biofunctionality for a broad range of applications, from drug delivery to antibacterial coatings. This review provides foundational tactics for peptide fluorination and discusses the utility of these fluorous‐directed hierarchical structures as material platforms in diverse biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

---

氟化肽生物材料

氟化化合物虽然在自然界中很少使用，但正在成为生物医学研究的基本成分，应用于药物发现、代谢组学、生物光谱学以及本次综述的重点肽/蛋白质工程。利用氟效应直接肽组装已经发展出一类全新的有机氟结构单元，可以用它构建独特的生物活性材料。在这里，我们讨论了三种不同的肽氟化策略，用于设计和诱导肽组装成纳米、微米和宏观超分子状态，从而增强材料支架的高有序组织。这些氟定制的肽组装体采用独特的氟环境来增强从药物输送到抗菌涂层等广泛应用的生物功能。本综述提供了肽氟化的基本策略，并讨论了这些氟导向的分层结构作为材料平台在不同生物医学应用中的效用。