Mass spectrometry is commonly used in forensic chemistry laboratories for sensitive, definitive analysis. There have been significant efforts to bring mass spectrometry analysis on-site through the development of ruggedized, fieldable instruments. Testing samples in the field is of particular interest in forensic science, homeland security, and defense applications. In forensic chemistry, testing seized drugs in the field can significantly improve efficiencies in processing of related criminal cases. The screening of passengers and luggage at transportation hubs is a critical need for homeland security for which mass spectrometry is well suited to provide definitive answers with low false positive rates. Mass spectrometry can yield reliable data for military personnel testing sites for potential chemical weapons release. To meet the needs of the forensic and security communities fieldable mass spectrometers based on membrane inlet systems and hybrid gas chromatography systems have been developed and commercialized. More recently developed ambient ionization mass spectrometry methods can eliminate the time, equipment, and expertise associated with sample preparation, and so are especially appealing for on-site analysis. We describe the development of fieldable mass spectrometry systems, with emphasis on commercially available systems that have been deployed for on-site analysis of seized drugs, chemical warfare agents, explosives, and other analytes of interest to the forensic and security communities. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev

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用于法医学、国土安全和国防应用的现场质谱分析

质谱法通常用于法医化学实验室进行灵敏、明确的分析。通过开发坚固的、可现场使用的仪器，人们付出了巨大的努力，将质谱分析带到现场。该领域的测试样本对法医学、国土安全和国防应用特别感兴趣。在法医化学领域，现场检测查获的毒品可以显着提高相关刑事案件的处理效率。在交通枢纽筛查乘客和行李是国土安全的关键需求，质谱非常适合以低误报率提供明确答案。质谱法可以为军事人员测试地点提供可靠的数据，以检测潜在的化学武器释放。为了满足法医和安全社区的需求，基于膜入口系统和混合气相色谱系统的可现场使用的质谱仪已经开发并商业化。最近开发的环境电离质谱方法可以消除与样品制备相关的时间、设备和专业知识，因此对现场分析特别有吸引力。我们描述了现场质谱系统的开发，重点介绍了已部署用于现场分析缴获的毒品、化学战剂、爆炸物和法医和安全社区感兴趣的其他分析物的市售系统。© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 质谱修订版 最近开发的环境电离质谱方法可以消除与样品制备相关的时间、设备和专业知识，因此对现场分析特别有吸引力。我们描述了现场质谱系统的开发，重点介绍了已部署用于现场分析缴获的毒品、化学战剂、爆炸物和法医和安全社区感兴趣的其他分析物的市售系统。© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 质谱修订版 最近开发的环境电离质谱方法可以消除与样品制备相关的时间、设备和专业知识，因此对现场分析特别有吸引力。我们描述了现场质谱系统的开发，重点介绍了已部署用于现场分析缴获的毒品、化学战剂、爆炸物和法医和安全社区感兴趣的其他分析物的市售系统。© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 质谱修订版 化学战剂、爆炸物和法医和安全界感兴趣的其他分析物。© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 质谱修订版 化学战剂、爆炸物和法医和安全界感兴趣的其他分析物。© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 质谱修订版