Abstract The Karakoram region contains a large number of surge-type glaciers, but few surging glaciers have been investigated by surface displacement and DEM differencing. The paper presents the surge dynamics of one unnamed glacier in Yarkand basin, of Karakoram region between 2000 and 2019 using satellite imagery (e.g., Landsat and Sentinel 2). Also, multiple high-resolution DEMs (e.g., HMA and Cartosat 1) were used to estimate mass transfer from the reservoir zone to the receiving zone. The DEM differencing exhibit maximum thickening of the lower receiving zone was ~190 ± 31 m whereas a maximum thinning of the upper reservoir zone was −17 ± 31 m between 2018 and 2016. The receiving zone gained 256 ± 143 × 106 m3 ice mass between 2018 and 2011. The surface displacement was lower than 0.07 ± 0.02 m d−1 in the quiescent phase between 2000 and 2011 and it reached to ~5 ± 0.3 m d−1 in the active phase (autumn 2015). The glacier terminus retreated −765 ± 89 m from 1978 to 2016 but advanced +681 ± 57 m during 2016–2019. This analysis indicate that the gradual increase in surface displacement about four years before the onset of the surge, long active phase (three years) and slow termination corroborate partially thermally controlled Svalbard-type surge.

中文翻译：

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使用遥感表征喀喇昆仑山叶尔羌盆地的冰川涌动动态

摘要 喀喇昆仑地区存在大量涌流型冰川，但通过地表位移和DEM差分研究的涌流冰川很少。该论文使用卫星图像（例如 Landsat 和 Sentinel 2）展示了 2000 年至 2019 年间喀喇昆仑地区叶尔坎德盆地一处未命名冰川的激增动态。此外，使用多个高分辨率 DEM（例如，HMA 和 Cartosat 1）来估计从储层到接收区的传质。DEM 差异显示下接收区的最大增厚为 ~190 ± 31 m，而 2018 年至 2016 年间上储区的最大减薄为 -17 ± 31 m。接收区之间的冰量增加了 256 ± 143 × 106 m3 2018年和2011年。表面位移低于0.07±0。02 m d-1 在 2000 年和 2011 年之间的静止阶段达到~5 ± 0.3 m d-1 到活跃阶段（2015 年秋季）。冰川终点从 1978 年到 2016 年退缩了 -765±89 m，但在 2016-2019 年期间前进了 +681±57 m。该分析表明，在浪涌开始前大约四年，地表位移逐渐增加、活动期长（三年）和缓慢终止证实了部分热控制的斯瓦尔巴型浪涌。