The green macroalga Ulva rigida represents a promising feedstock for biorefinary due to its fast growth and cosmopolitan distribution. The main component of the cell walls of U. rigida is a sulfated glucuronorhamnan polysaccharide known as ulvan. Herein it was found that due to the high (hydrogen)sulfate group content of ulvan, hydrothermal autohydrolysis at 130 °C renders a high percentage of rhamnose (78–79 % recovery from the initial content in the raw material), a rare sugar of high added value. In addition, acid catalysis by a triflate-based graphene oxide under oxygen-free conditions at 180 °C affords moderate amounts of tartaric acid (24–26 %). The same triflate-based graphene oxide catalyst under oxygen pressure yields remarkably high percentages of succinic acid (65 %). The catalyst preserves its activity for at least five consecutive reuses.

绿色巨藻石莼由于其快速生长和国际化分布，是一种很有前途的生物精炼原料。刚玉细胞壁的主要成分是被称为ulvan的硫酸化葡糖醛酸鼠李聚糖多糖。在这里发现，由于 ulvan 的高（氢）硫酸盐基团含量，130 °C 的水热自水解产生高百分比的鼠李糖（从原材料的初始含量中回收 78-79%），这是一种稀有的糖高附加值。此外，三氟甲磺酸基氧化石墨烯在 180°C 无氧条件下的酸催化可提供适量的酒石酸（24-26%）。相同的三氟甲磺酸基氧化石墨烯催化剂在氧气压力下产生非常高百分比的琥珀酸 (65%)。催化剂在至少五次连续重复使用后仍能保持其活性。