Abstract In a changing world, identifying the drivers of vulnerability, resilience and robustness (VRR) of agricultural systems has become a major issue. We developed and applied a generic analytical framework to perform a systematic review of studies that quantitatively assess VRR of agricultural systems in temperate climate zones. After a thorough selection process based on visualizing bibliometric networks in the Web of Science database of peer-reviewed articles in English, we show that the core set of the 37 selected studies addressed mainly the effect of climate change on the yield of grassland and crop systems. Synthesis of the studies' results yields some main conclusions, but also reveals differences in the influence of diversity and intensification level. First, the synthesis shows that diversity enhances (i) resilient crop yield dynamics and (ii) levels of grassland biomass, but (iii) its effect on grassland biomass dynamics is unclear. In addition, the effect of crop intensification on yield dynamics depends on (iv) the intensification practice considered (e.g. irrigation, fertilisation), (v) its combination with other practices and (vi) the soil and climate. Transversally, the synthesis reveals that (vii) the nature of species in grasslands or crop rotations (e.g. presence of a legume) and (viii) the nature of farms in a region (e.g. economic size distribution) are strong drivers of VRR, i.e. composition has a strong effect. Furthermore, (ix) the frequency of climate events, (x) short- vs. long-term analysis, (xi) nonlinear effects and (xii) the relative impact of disturbances in comparison with the impact of agricultural practices are all elements that make it difficult to draw clear conclusions about the influence of diversity and intensification. Finally, our results highlight that a functional approach should be used to decipher diversity-productivity relationships, and that agricultural practices and their appropriateness to the pedoclimatic context and local resources must be characterised finely when analysing drivers of VRR.

中文翻译：

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多样性和集约化水平对农业系统脆弱性、复原力和稳健性的影响

摘要 在不断变化的世界中，确定农业系统的脆弱性、弹性和稳健性 (VRR) 的驱动因素已成为一个主要问题。我们开发并应用了一个通用分析框架来对定量评估温带气候区农业系统 VRR 的研究进行系统审查。在基于 Web of Science 英文同行评审文章数据库中可视化文献计量网络的彻底选择过程后，我们表明 37 项选定研究的核心集主要涉及气候变化对草地和作物系统产量的影响. 综合研究结果得出了一些主要结论，但也揭示了多样性和集约化水平影响的差异。第一的，综合表明，多样性增强了 (i) 弹性作物产量动态和 (ii) 草地生物量水平，但 (iii) 其对草地生物量动态的影响尚不清楚。此外，作物集约化对产量动态的影响取决于 (iv) 所考虑的集约化做法（例如灌溉、施肥），(v) 与其他做法的结合以及 (vi) 土壤和气候。横向上，综合揭示 (vii) 草原物种的性质或轮作（例如豆科植物的存在）和 (viii) 一个地区农场的性质（例如经济规模分布）是 VRR 的强大驱动因素，即组成有很强的作用。此外，(ix) 气候事件的频率，(x) 短期与长期分析，(xi) 非线性效应和 (xii) 干扰的相对影响与农业实践的影响相比，这些都是导致难以就多样性和集约化的影响得出明确结论的因素。最后，我们的结果强调应该使用功能方法来破译多样性-生产力的关系，并且在分析 VRR 的驱动因素时，必须很好地描述农业实践及其对土地气候背景和当地资源的适当性。