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Evolution of Coronal Mass Ejections and the Corresponding Forbush Decreases: Modeling vs. Multi-Spacecraft Observations
Solar Physics ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11207-020-01671-7
Mateja Dumbović , Bojan Vršnak , Jingnan Guo , Bernd Heber , Karin Dissauer , Fernando Carcaboso , Manuela Temmer , Astrid Veronig , Tatiana Podladchikova , Christian Möstl , Tanja Amerstorfer , Anamarija Kirin

One of the very common in situ signatures of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), as well as other interplanetary transients, are Forbush decreases (FDs), i.e. short-term reductions in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux. A two-step FD is often regarded as a textbook example, which presumably owes its specific morphology to the fact that the measuring instrument passed through the ICME head-on, encountering first the shock front (if developed), then the sheath and finally the CME magnetic structure. The interaction of GCRs and the shock/sheath region, as well as the CME magnetic structure, occurs all the way from Sun to Earth, therefore, FDs are expected to reflect the evolutionary properties of CMEs and their sheaths. We apply modelling to different ICME regions in order to obtain a generic two-step FD profile, which qualitatively agrees with our current observation-based understanding of FDs. We next adapt the models for energy dependence to enable comparison with different GCR measurement instruments (as they measure in different particle energy ranges). We test these modelling efforts against a set of multi-spacecraft observations of the same event, using the Forbush decrease model for the expanding flux rope (ForbMod). We find a reasonable agreement of the ForbMod model for the GCR depression in the CME magnetic structure with multi-spacecraft measurements, indicating that modelled FDs reflect well the CME evolution.

中文翻译:

日冕物质抛射的演变和相应的福布什减少:建模与多航天器观测

行星际日冕物质抛射 (ICME) 以及其他行星际瞬变的一种非常常见的原位特征是福布什衰减 (FD),即银河宇宙射线 (GCR) 通量的短期减少。两步 FD 通常被视为教科书示例,它的特定形态可能归因于以下事实:测量仪器正面穿过 ICME,首先遇到激波前沿(如果已发展),然后是护套,最后是CME 磁性结构。GCRs 与激波/鞘区的相互作用以及 CME 磁结构从太阳到地球一直发生,因此,FDs 有望反映 CMEs 及其鞘层的演化特性。我们将建模应用于不同的 ICME 区域,以获得通用的两步 FD 配置文件,这定性地与我们目前对 FD 的基于观察的理解一致。我们接下来调整能量依赖模型,以便与不同的 GCR 测量仪器进行比较(因为它们在不同的粒子能量范围内测量)。我们针对同一事件的一组多航天器观测来测试这些建模工作,使用 Forbush 减小模型来扩展通量绳 (ForbMod)。我们发现 ForbMod 模型与多航天器测量 CME 磁结构中的 GCR 凹陷具有合理的一致性,表明建模的 FD 很好地反映了 CME 演化。我们针对同一事件的一组多航天器观测来测试这些建模工作,使用 Forbush 减小模型来扩展通量绳 (ForbMod)。我们发现 ForbMod 模型与多航天器测量 CME 磁结构中的 GCR 凹陷具有合理的一致性,表明建模的 FD 很好地反映了 CME 演化。我们针对同一事件的一组多航天器观测来测试这些建模工作,使用 Forbush 减小模型来扩展通量绳 (ForbMod)。我们发现 ForbMod 模型与多航天器测量 CME 磁结构中的 GCR 凹陷具有合理的一致性,表明建模的 FD 很好地反映了 CME 演化。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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