Abstract

Comprehensive studies of the biological status of ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem (Loamic)) were carried out in the early years of the fallow regime in comparison with its arable analogue, old fallow, and the reference virgin steppe soils. They included a field experiment on the conversion of an old-arable plot with the ordinary chernozem in Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University to a fallow. In this experiment, organic carbon and the activity of two classes of enzymes, oxidoreductases (catalases and dehydrogenases) and hydrolases (β-fructofuranosidase) were compared for soils under land-use variants. The organic carbon content in the soil of the young fallow increased already in the first year; it did not change significantly in subsequent years of plant cover restoration, and varied depending on the observation period during the growing season. The activity of the enzymes also increased in the first year of the fallow regime and continued to restore throughout the time after the cessation of agricultural use. The catalase activity in the young fallow soil was 9% higher (p < 0.05) than in the first year of research, the activity of dehydrogenases increased by 20% (p < 0.05), and β-fructofuranosidase by 10% (p < 0.05). However, the enzymatic activity was significantly lower than in the case of old fallow and, especially, of the reference soil in the virgin steppe.

中文翻译：

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休耕期前三年黑藜芦的酶活性和有机碳含量的农后变化

摘要

与休耕型耕种，旧休耕和原始原始草原土壤相比，休耕制度的早期阶段对普通黑钙土（Haplic Chernozem（Loamic））的生物学状况进行了全面研究。他们进行了一项野外实验，目的是将南方联邦大学植物园中的普通可耕黑钙土转换成休耕地。在该实验中，比较了土地利用方式下土壤中有机碳和两类酶（氧化还原酶（催化酶和脱氢酶）和水解酶（β-果糖呋喃糖苷酶））的活性。第一年休耕土壤中的有机碳含量已经增加；在随后的植物覆盖恢复中，它并没有发生明显变化，并且根据生长期的观察期而变化。在休耕制度的第一年，酶的活性也增加了，并且在农业停止使用后的整个时间里都继续恢复。年轻的休闲土壤中的过氧化氢酶活性高9％（p <0.05）比第一年的研究中，脱氢酶的活性增加了20％（p <0.05），β-果糖呋喃糖苷酶的活性增加了10％（p <0.05）。但是，酶活性明显低于旧休耕地，尤其是原始草原的参考土壤。