Agrochemicals and biocides are suspected to cause a dysbiosis of honey bee microbiota, decreasing colonies ability to respond to the environment. As a first step to investigate agriculture and beekeeping impact, hives bacteriomes from an anthropized environment (Agri-env) were compared to that of pristine’s (Prist-env). 16S rRNA sequencing evidenced differences in richness and composition between sample types (Gut (G), Brood (B), Bee-bread (BB)) and environments. Higher opportunist loads and shifts toward taxa capable of metabolizing insecticides were observed in G and B at Agri-env, while beneficial bacteria were enriched in Prist-env. Bacteria in BB did not differ, the acidity of the niche outweighing the influence of external factors. Results showed the environment plays a major role in shaping honey bee microbiota, the agricultural realm inducing a bacterial disruption that would let to colonies vulnerability. In contrast, a less susceptible bee will be promoted in less anthropized locations.

中文翻译：

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农业和原始环境中蜜蜂细菌多样性和组成的差异——实地研究

农用化学品和杀菌剂被怀疑会导致蜜蜂微生物群失调，降低蜂群对环境的反应能力。作为调查农业和养蜂影响的第一步，将来自人类环境 (Agri-env) 的荨麻疹菌群与原始环境 (Prist-env) 的蜂箱菌群进行了比较。16S rRNA 测序证明样本类型（肠道 (G)、育雏 (B)、蜜蜂面包 (BB)）和环境之间的丰富度和组成存在差异。在 Agri-env 的 G 和 B 中观察到更高的机会负荷和向能够代谢杀虫剂的分类群的转变，而在 Prist-env 中富含有益细菌。BB 中的细菌没有差异，生态位的酸度超过了外部因素的影响。结果表明，环境在塑造蜜蜂微生物群方面起着重要作用，农业领域引起细菌破坏，这将使殖民地脆弱。相比之下，较不敏感的蜜蜂将在较少人为化的地方推广。