Laminar free convection in a trapezoidal cavity containing porous media is analyzed in this study for various relevant variables such as Rayleigh number, angle of the side inclined wall, and thermal conductivity using fluid-structure interaction. Two configurations of trapezoidal enclosure were analyzed in this investigation to compare flow and heat transfer characteristics between the rigid and flexible wall models. The results of this study show that heat transfer is enhanced with an increase in the Rayleigh number for both arrangements. However, the second configuration exhibited higher average Nusselt number than the first configuration. Further, heat transfer improvement is found to reduce with increasing the angle of the inclined wall for the second configuration. The results indicated that the presence of a flexible wall results in heat transfer improvement when compared to the model of rigid walls of the trapezoidal cavity; therefore, it is recommended to use flexible wall models in thermal management applications.

中文翻译：

---

带有柔性壁的梯形多孔填充腔中的自然对流

在这项研究中，利用流体-结构相互作用，分析了包含多孔介质的梯形腔中的层流自由对流，以了解各种相关变量，例如瑞利数，侧倾斜壁的角度和导热系数。在这项研究中分析了梯形外壳的两种配置，以比较刚性和柔性壁模型之间的流动和传热特性。这项研究的结果表明，两种布置的瑞利数都增加了传热能力。但是，第二配置显示出比第一配置更高的平均努塞尔数。此外，发现对于第二构造，随着倾斜壁的角度的增加，传热改善降低。结果表明，与梯形腔的刚性壁模型相比，柔性壁的存在可改善传热效果。因此，建议在热管理应用中使用柔性墙模型。