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Snakes and ladders: A review of ball python production in West Africa for the global pet market
Nature Conservation ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 , DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.41.51270
Lauren A. Harrington , Jennah Green , Patrick Muinde , David W. Macdonald , Mark Auliya , Neil D'Cruze

The ball python (Python regius) is the most traded, CITES listed, live animal exported from Africa. Recent studies have raised concerns as to whether production methods in Africa are sustainable, humane and compliant with legislation. To aid future management we explored export patterns, using the CITES and U.S. LEMIS database, for live ball pythons from across their range in West Africa to identify the main exporters and the main markets supplied, and to assess associated trends, and compliance with nationally-established export quotas. We found that export to supply the global pet trade remains almost exclusively carried out by three range countries – Benin, Ghana, and Togo. The USA was the largest importer from all three countries, although Ghana appeared to be less dependent on the USA market than either Togo or Benin, exporting to a more diverse range of countries, particularly in Asia. Between 2003 and 2017 there was a decline in annual importer-reported exports from Benin and from Ghana, but not from Togo. Ghana appears to operate as a regional trade hub, re-exporting ball pythons imported from Benin and Togo, and exports more ball pythons reported as captive-bred. Trade records from all three countries exhibited a switch from predominantly wild-sourced to predominantly ranched individuals. However, at a range-wide level, differences in the use of source codes among exporting range states, and inconsistencies in reporting of trade among range states, as well as inconsistencies in the use of source codes between exporting and importing countries, represent areas of potential concern. We recommend a regional-level policy approach for this highly sought-after species, to safeguard ball pythons and local livelihoods.

中文翻译:

蛇和梯子:西非针对全球宠物市场的球形蟒蛇生产回顾

球形蟒蛇(Python regius)是从非洲出口的,交易最多,被列入CITES的活体动物。最近的研究引起了人们对非洲生产方法是否可持续,人道和符合立法的关切。为了帮助将来的管理,我们使用CITES和US LEMIS数据库探索了其西非范围内的活球蟒蛇的出口模式,以确定主要的出口商和供应的主要市场,并评估相关趋势以及对国家/地区的合规性-建立出口配额。我们发现,供应全球宠物贸易的出口几乎仍然完全由三个国家(贝宁,加纳和多哥)进行。美国是这三个国家/地区的最大进口国,尽管加纳似乎比多哥或贝宁对美国市场的依赖程度要小,出口到更多国家,尤其是亚洲国家。在2003年至2017年之间,贝宁和加纳,但来自多哥的进口商报告的年度出口下降。加纳似乎是一个区域贸易枢纽,重新出口从贝宁和多哥进口的球形蟒蛇,并出口更多据报道为圈养的球形蟒蛇。来自这三个国家的贸易记录都显示出从以野生来源为主到以牧场为主的个体的转变。但是,在范围广泛的层面上,出口范围国家之间使用源代码的差异,范围国家之间的贸易报告不一致以及出口国和进口国之间使用源代码的不一致都代表了以下方面:潜在的关注。
更新日期:2020-07-28
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