On December 31, 2019, a novel coronavirus, being the third highly infective CoV and named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the city of Wuhan, was announced by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 has a 2% mortality rate, is known as the third extremely infective CoV infection, and has a mortality rate less than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. The CoV family comprises a chief number of positive single-stranded ss (+) RNA viruses that are recognized in mammals. The 2019-nCoV patients showed that the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) was the same for SARS-CoV. Structural proteins have an essential role in virus released and budding to various host cells. Notably, evidence indicated human-to-human transmission, along with several exported patients of virus infection worldwide. Nowadays, no licensed antivirals drugs or vaccines for being utilized against these coronavirus infections are recognized. There is an urgent requirement for an extensive research of CoV infections to disclose the route of extension, pathogenesis, and diagnosis and then to recognize the therapeutic targets to facilitate disease control and surveillance. In this article, we present an overview of the common biological criteria of CoVs and explain pathogenesis with a focus on the therapeutic approach to suggest potential goals for treating and monitoring this emerging zoonotic disease.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2分子生物学与发病机制和治疗选择的新颖见解。

世界卫生组织于2019年12月31日宣布了一种新型冠状病毒，它是武汉市第三种高感染性冠状病毒，被命名为2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。COVID-19的死亡率为2％，被称为第三种极具感染性的CoV感染，其死亡率低于MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV。CoV家族包含在哺乳动物中识别的大量阳性单链SS（+）RNA病毒。2019年，nCoV例表明，血管紧张素-转化酶II（ACE2）与SARS-CoV相同。结构蛋白在病毒释放和发芽到各种宿主细胞中具有重要作用。值得注意的是，证据表明人与人之间的传播以及全球范围内几名外来病毒感染患者的传播。如今，尚未认识到用于对抗这些冠状病毒感染的许可抗病毒药物或疫苗。迫切需要对冠状病毒感染进行广泛的研究，以揭示其传播，发病机理和诊断途径，然后识别治疗靶标以促进疾病控制和监测。在本文中，我们概述了冠状病毒的常见生物学标准，并解释了发病机理，重点是治疗方法，以提出治疗和监测这种新兴的人畜共患病的潜在目标。