Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play crucial roles in regulating plant development and immunity. Conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from microbes are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors to activate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Microbial effectors, whose initial function is to promote virulence, are recognized by plant intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to initiate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Both PTI and ETI trigger early immune signaling events including the production of reactive oxygen species, induction of calcium influx and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Research progress has revealed the important roles of RLCKs in the regulation of early PTI signaling. Accordingly, RLCKs are often targeted by microbial effectors that are evolved to evade PTI via diverse modulations. In some cases, modulation of RLCKs by microbial effectors triggers the activation of NLRs. This review covers the mechanisms by which RLCKs engage diverse substrates to regulate early PTI signaling and the regulatory roles of RLCKs in triggering NLR activation. Accumulating evidence suggests evolutionary links and close connections between PAMP- and effector-triggered early immune signaling that are mediated by RLCKs. As key immune regulators, RLCKs can be considered targets with broad prospects for the improvement of plant resistance via genetic engineering.

中文翻译：

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受体样细胞质激酶在植物早期免疫信号传递事件中的调控作用。

受体样细胞质激酶（RLCKs）在调节植物发育和免疫中起关键作用。源自微生物的保守的病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）被植物模式识别受体识别，以激活PAMP触发的免疫（PTI）。微生物效应子的最初功能是促进毒力，被植物细胞内核苷酸结合域和富含亮氨酸的重复受体（NLR）识别，从而启动效应子触发的免疫（ETI）。PTI和ETI均会触发早期的免疫信号事件，包括活性氧的产生，钙内流的诱导以及促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶的激活。研究进展表明，RLCKs在早期PTI信号调节中起着重要作用。因此，RLCKs通常被微生物效应子作为靶标，这些效应子经过多种调节后逐渐逃避PTI。在某些情况下，微生物效应子对RLCK的调节会触发NLR的激活。这篇综述涵盖了RLCKs参与各种底物调节早期PTI信号传导的机制，以及RLCKs在触发NLR激活中的调节作用。越来越多的证据表明，由RLCKs介导的PAMP和效应物触发的早期免疫信号之间存在进化联系和紧密联系。作为关键的免疫调节剂，RLCKs被认为是通过基因工程改善植物抗性的广阔前景的靶标。这篇综述涵盖了RLCKs参与各种底物调节早期PTI信号传导的机制，以及RLCKs在触发NLR激活中的调节作用。越来越多的证据表明，由RLCKs介导的PAMP和效应物触发的早期免疫信号之间存在进化联系和紧密联系。作为关键的免疫调节剂，RLCKs被认为是通过基因工程改善植物抗性的广阔前景的靶标。这篇综述涵盖了RLCKs参与各种底物调节早期PTI信号传导的机制，以及RLCKs在触发NLR激活中的调节作用。越来越多的证据表明，由RLCKs介导的PAMP和效应物触发的早期免疫信号之间存在进化联系和紧密联系。作为关键的免疫调节剂，RLCKs被认为是通过基因工程改善植物抗性的广阔前景的靶标。