Brønsted base–photocatalyst hybrid systems have been developed for reactions of malonates with styrene derivatives. The concept of this process lies in the photo-oxidation of catalytic amounts of the enolate to form reactive radicals that react with alkene double bonds under mild reaction conditions. This is an example of visible-light-activated C–C bond formation reactions of malonates with alkenes to realize high atom economy under very mild reaction conditions without using any transition-metal catalysts.

中文翻译：

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布朗斯台德碱-光催化剂混合体系的开发，用于丙二酸酯与苯乙烯的高效碳-碳键形成反应

已开发出布朗斯台德碱-光催化剂混合体系，用于丙二酸酯与苯乙烯衍生物的反应。该方法的概念在于催化量的烯醇化物的光氧化以形成在温和的反应条件下与烯烃双键反应的反应性自由基。这是丙二酸酯与烯烃的可见光活化C–C键形成反应的一个示例，该反应在非常温和的反应条件下无需使用任何过渡金属催化剂即可实现高原子经济性。