Abstract In this work, results on the causes that could promote the abnormal spallation of the oxides formed on the surface of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are presented. By means of Rietveld refining of X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy analyses and calculations, it was found that the value of the thermal stress experienced by the oxide scale reached a maximum when the oxide scale was comprised by 65% wt magnetite Fe3O4 and 24% wt wustite FeO this, due to the incomplete transformation of the latter phase to Fe3O4 and α-Fe from cooling from 670 °C to ambient temperature. Contrarily, it was found that when a balance in the amount of Fe3O4 and FeO was 46.4 and 46.5%wt respectively, the calculated thermal stress was reduced, and oxide spallation was not that severe. The reasons for oxide scale detachment from the surface of the steels are explained in terms of the adhesion energy of the bulk oxide scale, the amount of magnetite Fe3O4 present in the oxides and the chemical composition of the steel particularly the elements chromium and titanium.

中文翻译：

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高强度低合金 (HSLA) 热轧钢中氧化皮的剥落

摘要 在这项工作中，介绍了导致高强度低合金 (HSLA) 钢表面形成的氧化物异常剥落的原因。通过X射线衍射谱的Rietveld精修、扫描电镜分析和计算，发现当氧化皮中含有65%wt的磁铁矿Fe3O4和Fe3O4时，氧化皮所承受的热应力值达到最大值。 24% wt 方氏体 FeO 这是由于后一相从 670 °C 冷却到环境温度未完全转变为 Fe3O4 和 α-Fe。相反，发现当 Fe3O4 和 FeO 的量平衡分别为 46.4 和 46.5%wt 时，计算的热应力降低，并且氧化物剥落不是那么严重。