The intent of this research was to present numerical solutions to homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of a Cu-Al₂O₃/water hybrid nanofluid induced by a stretching or shrinking sheet with a convective boundary condition. A proper similarity variable was applied to the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) and converted into a system of ordinary (similarity) differential equations (ODEs). These equations were solved using Matlab’s in-built function (bvp4c) for various values of the governing parameters numerically. The present investigation considered the effects of homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions and magnetic field in the hybrid nanofluid flow. It was observed that dual solutions were visible for the shrinking sheet, and an analysis of stability was done to determine the physically realizable in the practice of these solutions. It was also concluded that hybrid nanofluid acts as a cooler for some increasing parameters. The magnetohydrodynamic parameter delayed the boundary layer separation; meanwhile, the nanoparticle volume fraction quickened the separation of the boundary layer that occurred. In addition, the first solution of hybrid nanofluid was found to be stable; meanwhile, the second solution was not stable. This study is therefore valuable for engineers and scientists to get acquainted with the properties of hybrid nanofluid flow, its behavior and the way to predict it.

中文翻译：

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在均质-非均质和对流边界条件下，Cu-Al2O3 /水杂化纳米流体驻点流过MHD伸缩片

这项研究的目的是为Cu-Al ₂ O ₃的磁流体动力学（MHD）驻点流的均相-非均相反应提供数值解。带有对流边界条件的拉伸或收缩片材诱导的水/水杂化纳米流体。将适当的相似性变量应用于偏微分方程组（PDE），并将其转换为普通（相似）微分方程组（ODE）。这些方程使用Matlab的内置函数（bvp4c）在数值上求解了各种控制参数值。本研究考虑了混合纳米流体流中均相-非均相反应和磁场的影响。观察到对收缩片可见双重解决方案，并进行了稳定性分析以确定在这些解决方案的实践中可物理实现。还得出结论，杂化纳米流体可作为某些增加参数的冷却器。磁流体动力学参数延迟了边界层的分离。同时，纳米粒子的体积分数加快了发生的边界层的分离。另外，发现杂合纳米流体的第一种溶液是稳定的。同时，第二种解决方案不稳定。因此，这项研究对于工程师和科学家了解混合纳米流体的特性，行为和预测方法具有重要意义。