Decision-making is a two-stage process, consisting of, first, consideration set construction and then final choice. Decision makers can form a consideration set from a choice set using one of two strategies: including the options they wish to further consider or excluding those they do not wish to further consider. The authors propose that decision makers have a relative preference for an inclusion (vs. exclusion) strategy when choosing from large choice sets, and that this preference is driven primarily by a lay belief that inclusion requires less effort than exclusion, particularly in large choice sets. Study 1 demonstrates that decision makers prefer using an inclusion (vs. exclusion) strategy when faced with large choice sets. Study 2 replicates the effect of choice set size on preference for consideration set construction strategy and demonstrates that the belief that exclusion is more effortful mediates the relative preference for inclusion in large choice sets. Studies 3 and 4 further support the importance of perceived effort, demonstrating a greater preference for inclusion in large choice sets when decision makers are primed to think about effort (vs. accuracy; study 3) and when the choice set is perceived as requiring more effort due to more information being presented about each alternative (vs. more alternatives in the choice set; study 4). Finally, study 5 manipulates consideration set construction strategy, showing that using inclusion (vs. exclusion) in large choice sets leads to smaller consideration sets, greater confidence in the decision process, and a higher quality consideration set.

中文翻译：

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选择要选择的内容：从大型选择集中构建考虑集时，优先考虑包含而不是排除

决策是一个两阶段的过程，首先是考虑集的构建，然后是最终的选择。决策者可以使用以下两种策略之一从选择集中形成考虑集：包括他们希望进一步考虑的选项或排除他们不想进一步考虑的选项。作者提出，决策者在从大的选择集中进行选择时，对包含（与排除）策略有相对偏好，并且这种偏好主要是由一个外行信念驱动的，即包容比排除需要更少的努力，尤其是在大选择集中. 研究 1 表明，决策者在面临大量选择集时更喜欢使用包含（与排除）策略。研究 2 复制了选择集大小对考虑集构建策略偏好的影响，并表明排除更费力的信念介导了对包含在大选择集中的相对偏好。研究3和4进一步支持感知努力的重要性，展示当决策者驯悍记思考努力时更加偏好的申请纳入大型选择，以考虑努力（与准确性;研究3）以及选择集被认为需要更多努力时由于提供了关于每个备选方案的更多信息（相对于选择集中的更多备选方案；研究 4）。最后，研究 5 操纵了考虑集构建策略，表明在大型选择集中使用包含（与排除）会导致更小的考虑集，对决策过程的更大信心，