Ice cover plays a critical role in physical, biogeochemical, and ecological processes in lakes. Despite its importance, winter limnology remains relatively understudied. Here, we provide a primer on the predominant drivers of freshwater lake ice cover and the current methodologies used to study lake ice, including in situ and remote sensing observations, physical based models, and experiments. We highlight opportunities for future research by integrating these four disciplines to address key knowledge gaps in our understanding of lake ice dynamics in changing winters. Advances in technology, data integration, and interdisciplinary collaboration will allow the field to move toward developing global forecasts of lake ice cover for small to large lakes across broad spatial and temporal scales, quantifying ice quality and ice thickness, moving from binary to continuous ice records, and determining how winter ice conditions and quality impact ecosystem processes in lakes over winter. Ultimately, integrating disciplines will improve our ability to understand the impacts of changing winters on lake ice.

中文翻译：

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整合观点以了解不断变化的世界中的湖泊冰动力学

冰盖在湖泊的物理，生物地球化学和生态过程中起着至关重要的作用。尽管很重要，但冬季林学仍然相对未被研究。在这里，我们提供了有关淡水湖冰覆盖的主要驱动因素以及用于研究湖冰的当前方法的入门知识，包括原位和遥感观测，基于物理的模型和实验。我们通过整合这四个学科来解决我们在不断变化的冬季对湖冰动力学的理解中的关键知识空白，从而突出了未来研究的机会。技术，数据集成和跨学科协作的进步将使该领域朝着在广阔的时空尺度上发展从小到大的湖泊的全球冰覆盖预测发展，量化冰的质量和厚度，从二元记录到连续的冰记录，并确定冬季的冰况和质量如何影响整个冬季湖泊的生态系统过程。最终，整合学科将提高我们了解冬季变化对湖冰的影响的能力。