Abstract Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in Great Lakes salmonines has been linked to consumption of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Thiamine deficiency has been recognized as a possible impediment to lake trout Salvelinus namaycush recruitment in the Great Lakes and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar recruitment in the Finger Lakes and Baltic Sea. Alewife invaded Lake Champlain in 2003 which provided an opportunity to investigate changes in thiamine concentrations in salmonine predators during an alewife invasion. We monitored egg unphosphorylated and total thiamine concentrations in lake trout and Atlantic salmon in 2004 and 2007–2019, assessed whether concentrations were associated with mortality, and examined thiaminase activity in alewife. Total thiamine concentrations in lake trout and Atlantic salmon were significantly lower than in 2004 for seven of the ten collection years for lake trout and for nine of the 12 collection years for Atlantic salmon. Mortality and signs of thiamine deficiency were observed in laboratory-reared Atlantic salmon free embryos but not in lake trout. Average thiaminase activity in adult alewife declined from 5200 pmol/g/min in 2006 to 1500 pmol/g/min in 2012. Our results provide further evidence that a diet that includes alewife reduces egg thiamine concentrations in salmonines. This effect was observed within four years of the invasion of alewife.

中文翻译：

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尚普兰湖 alewife 入侵 14 年后湖鳟鱼和大西洋鲑鱼卵中硫胺素的浓度

摘要 Great Lakes 鲑鱼中的硫胺素（维生素 B1）缺乏与食用 Alosa pseudoharengus 有关。硫胺素缺乏已被认为可能阻碍五大湖中的湖鳟 Salvelinus namaycush 和手指湖和波罗的海中的大西洋鲑鱼鲑鱼的补充。Alewife 于 2003 年入侵尚普兰湖，这为调查 alewife 入侵期间鲑鱼捕食者体内硫胺素浓度的变化提供了机会。我们在 2004 年和 2007-2019 年监测了湖鳟鱼和大西洋鲑鱼中未磷酸化的鸡蛋和总硫胺素浓度，评估了浓度是否与死亡率相关，并检查了 alewife 中的硫胺素酶活性。湖鳟鱼和大西洋鲑鱼的硫胺素总浓度在 10 个湖鳟鱼采集年中的 7 个年中和大西洋鲑鱼 12 个采集年中的 9 个年中显着低于 2004 年。在实验室饲养的大西洋鲑鱼胚胎中观察到硫胺素缺乏的死亡率和迹象，但在湖鳟鱼中没有观察到。成年 alewife 的平均硫胺酶活性从 2006 年的 5200 pmol/g/min 下降到 2012 年的 1500 pmol/g/min。我们的结果进一步证明，包含 alewife 的饮食会降低鲑鱼中的鸡蛋硫胺素浓度。在 alewife 入侵的四年内观察到了这种效果。在实验室饲养的大西洋鲑鱼胚胎中观察到硫胺素缺乏的死亡率和迹象，但在湖鳟鱼中没有观察到。成年 alewife 的平均硫胺酶活性从 2006 年的 5200 pmol/g/min 下降到 2012 年的 1500 pmol/g/min。我们的结果进一步证明，包含 alewife 的饮食会降低鲑鱼中的鸡蛋硫胺素浓度。在 alewife 入侵的四年内观察到了这种效果。在实验室饲养的大西洋鲑鱼胚胎中观察到硫胺素缺乏的死亡率和迹象，但在湖鳟鱼中没有观察到。成年 alewife 的平均硫胺酶活性从 2006 年的 5200 pmol/g/min 下降到 2012 年的 1500 pmol/g/min。我们的结果进一步证明，包含 alewife 的饮食会降低鲑鱼中的鸡蛋硫胺素浓度。在 alewife 入侵的四年内观察到了这种效果。