Abstract The incoming directions and incoming angles of near-fault (NF) seismic waves may play important roles in potential seismic-induced damage to hydraulic arched tunnels due to the uncertainty and randomness of NF ground motions. Moreover, the correlation between the seismological characteristics of NF ground motions and the seismic behaviour of underground structures, especially hydraulic arched tunnels, is not well understood. However, the current seismic dynamic analysis procedures and seismic designs of hydraulic arched tunnels generally ignore the abovementioned key factors. For this reason, the focus of this paper is to evaluate the seismic behaviour and damage degree of a hydraulic arched tunnel under NF SV waves with arbitrary incoming angles. Based on the elasticity and wave theory, an obliquely incoming method of SV waves that considers the incoming angle and direction is first developed by the equivalent nodal force method and verified through two examples. Ten as-recorded NF seismic events that display ground motion with a high frequency content are selected to reflect the seismological characteristics of NF ground motions. In addition, a hydraulic arched tunnel is built using the commercial software ABAQUS, and it considers fluid-structure-rock interaction systems based on the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method to approximate the environmental conditions experienced by hydraulic arched tunnels when a real earthquake event occurs. Subsequently, an inelastic dynamic analysis of hydraulic ached tunnels under NF SV waves with arbitrary incoming angles are conducted. The numerical results indicated that the propagation directions and incoming angles of SV waves have notably different impacts on the inelastic dynamic responses and damage degrees of hydraulic arched tunnels. In addition, by comparison with our team’s previous work, it can be found that obliquely incident SV waves may be more likely to cause severe damage to hydraulic ached tunnels compared to obliquely incident P waves. On the other hand, significant durations and velocity-related intensity measures present strong correlations with the global tensile damage index of the linings of hydraulic arched tunnels. Therefore, both the incoming angles of SV waves and the seismological characteristics should be considered when evaluating the seismic performance and design of hydraulic arched tunnels.

中文翻译：

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任意入射角近断层SV波作用下水力拱形隧道非弹性动力分析及损伤评估

摘要 由于近断层地震波的不确定性和随机性，近断层（NF）地震波的入射方向和入射角可能对水力拱形隧道潜在的地震损伤产生重要影响。此外，NF 地震动的地震学特征与地下结构，尤其是水力拱形隧道的地震行为之间的相关性尚不清楚。然而，目前水工拱形隧道的地震动力分析程序和抗震设计普遍忽略了上述关键因素。为此，本文的重点是评估水力拱形隧道在任意入射角的NF SV波作用下的地震行为和损坏程度。基于弹性和波浪理论，考虑到入射角和方向的SV波斜入射法首先由等效节点力法发展而来，并通过两个例子进行验证。选择十个记录的 NF 地震事件，显示具有高频内容的地面运动，以反映 NF 地面运动的地震学特征。此外，采用商业软件ABAQUS建造水力拱形隧道，基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法考虑流固-岩相互作用系统，近似真实地震事件发生时水力拱形隧道所经历的环境条件。随后，进行了具有任意入射角的NF SV波下水力酸痛隧道的非弹性动力分析。数值结果表明，SV波的传播方向和入射角对水工拱形隧道的非弹性动力响应和损伤程度有显着不同的影响。此外，通过与我们团队之前的工作进行比较，可以发现，与斜入射P波相比，斜入射SV波可能更容易对水力酸痛隧道造成严重破坏。另一方面，显着的持续时间和与速度相关的强度测量与水力拱形隧道衬砌的整体拉伸损伤指数有很强的相关性。因此，在评价水工拱形隧道的抗震性能和设计时，应同时考虑SV波的入射角和地震学特征。