Pressure transient analysis provides essential information to evaluate the dimensions of injection induced fractures, permeability damage near the wellbore, and pressure elevation in the injection horizon. For injection wells, shut-in data can be collected and analyzed after each injection cycle to evaluate the well injectivity and predict the well longevity. However, any interactive analysis of the pressure data could be subjective and time-consuming. In this study a novel cloud-based approach to automatically analyzing pressure data is presented, which aims to improve the reliability and efficiency of pressure transient analysis.

There are two fundamental requirements for automated pressure transient analysis: 1) Pressure data needs to be automatically retrieved from field sites and fed to the analyzer; 2) The engineer can automatically select instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP), identify flow regimes, and determine the fracture closure point if any. To meet these requirements as well as to take advantage of cloud storage and computing technologies, a web-based application has been developed to pull real time injection data from any field sites and push it to a cloud database. A built-in pressure transient workflow has been also proposed to detect any stored or real-time pressure data and perform pressure analysis automatically if the required data is available.

The automated pressure transient analysis technology has been applied to multiple injection projects. In general, the analysis results including formation and fracture properties (i.e. permeability, fracture half length, skin factor, and fracture closure pressure) are comparable to results from interactive analysis. Any discrepancies are mainly caused by poor data quality. Issues such as inconsistent selections of ISIP and different slopes defined for pre and after closure analyses also contribute to the divergence. Overall, the automated pressure transient analysis provides consistent results as the exact same criteria are applied to the pressure data, and analysis results are independent of the analyzer's experience and knowledge.

As data from oil/gas industry increases exponentially over time, automated data transmission, storage, analysis and access are becoming necessary to maximize the value of the data and reduce operation cost. The automated pressure transient analysis presented here demonstrates that cloud storage and computing combined with automated analysis tools is a viable way to overcome big data challenges faced by oil/gas industry professionals.

压力瞬态分析提供了必要的信息，以评估注入引起的裂缝的尺寸，井眼附近的渗透率损害以及注入层中的压力升高。对于注入井，可以在每个注入周期之后收集和分析关闭数据，以评估注入井并预测井的寿命。但是，压力数据的任何交互式分析都可能是主观且耗时的。在这项研究中，提出了一种新颖的基于云的自动分析压力数据的方法，旨在提高压力瞬态分析的可靠性和效率。

自动压力瞬态分析有两个基本要求：1）需要从现场自动获取压力数据并将其输入分析仪；2）工程师可以自动选择瞬时关闭压力（ISIP），识别流态并确定裂缝闭合点（如果有）。为了满足这些要求以及利用云存储和计算技术，已经开发了基于Web的应用程序，可以从任何现场站点提取实时注入数据并将其推送到云数据库。还提出了内置的压力瞬变工作流程来检测任何已存储的或实时的压力数据，并在需要的数据可用时自动执行压力分析。

自动压力瞬态分析技术已应用于多个注入项目。通常，包括地层和裂缝性质（即渗透率，裂缝半长，表皮因子和裂缝闭合压力）在内的分析结果可与交互式分析的结果相媲美。任何差异主要是由于数据质量差所致。诸如ISIP选择不一致以及为封闭分析之前和之后定义的不同斜率之类的问题也造成了差异。总体而言，由于将完全相同的标准应用于压力数据，因此自动压力瞬态分析可提供一致的结果，并且分析结果与分析仪的经验和知识无关。

随着来自石油/天然气行业的数据随着时间呈指数级增长，自动数据传输，存储，分析和访问变得必要，以最大化数据的价值并降低运营成本。此处介绍的自动压力瞬态分析表明，将云存储和计算与自动分析工具相结合是克服石油/天然气行业专业人员面临的大数据挑战的可行方法。