The thermal and coalescence models both describe well yields of light nuclei produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at LHC. We propose to measure the yield of \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) and compare it to that of \(^4\mathrm{He}\) to falsify one of the models. Since the masses of \(^4\mathrm{He}\) and \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) are almost equal, the yield of \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) is about 5 times bigger than that of \(^4\mathrm{He}\) in the thermal model because of different numbers of spin states of the two nuclides. Their internal structures are, however, very different: the alpha particle is well bound and compact while \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) is weakly bound and loose. Consequently, the ratio of yields of \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) to \(^4\mathrm{He}\) is significantly smaller in the coalescence model and it strongly depends on the collision centrality. Since the nuclide \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) is unstable and it decays into \(^3\mathrm{He}\) and p, the yield of \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) can be experimentally obtained through a measurement of the \(p\!-\!^3\mathrm{He}\) correlation function. The function carries information not only about the yield of \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) but also about the source of \(^3\mathrm{He}\) and allows one to determine through a source-size measurement whether of \(^3\mathrm{He}\) is directly emitted from the fireball or it is formed afterwards. We compute the correlation function taking into account the s-wave scattering and Coulomb repulsion together with the resonance interaction responsible for the \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) nuclide. We discuss how to infer information about an origin of \(^3\mathrm{He}\) from the correlation function, and finally a method to obtain the yield of \(^4\mathrm{Li}\) is proposed.

中文翻译：

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$$ ^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} $$ 4 Li和$$ p \！-\！^ 3 \ mathrm {He} $$ p-3 He相对论重离子碰撞中He相关函数的产生

热模型和聚结模型都描述了LHC在相对论重离子碰撞中产生的轻核的良好产率。我们建议测量\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）的收益并将其与\（^ 4 \ mathrm {He} \）的收益进行比较，以伪造其中一个模型。由于\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li } \）和\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）的质量几乎相等，因此\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）的产量大约大5倍比热模型中的\（^ 4 \ mathrm {He} \）大，这是因为两种核素的自旋态数量不同。但是，它们的内部结构却大不相同：α粒子绑定良好且紧密，而\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）是弱绑定和松散的。因此，在合并模型中\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）与\（^ 4 \ mathrm {He} \）的收益率比要小得多，并且它很大程度上取决于碰撞中心。由于核素\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）是不稳定的，并且衰减为\（^ 3 \ mathrm {He} \）和p，因此\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）的产量可以是通过测量\（p \！-\！^ 3 \ mathrm {He} \）相关函数实验获得。该函数不仅包含有关\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）的产量的信息，而且还包含有关\（^ 3 \ mathrm {He} \）的来源的信息。并允许通过源大小的测量来确定\（^ 3 \ mathrm {He} \）是从火球中直接发出还是随后形成。我们考虑s波散射和库仑斥力以及负责\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）核素的共振相互作用来计算相关函数。我们讨论了如何从相关函数中推断\（^ 3 \ mathrm {He} \）的起源的信息，最后提出了一种获取\（^ 4 \ mathrm {Li} \）产量的方法。