Individuals treated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a high survival rate. This fact, however, may lead to neurocognitive impairments in survivors, as shown in some studies. The prefrontal cortex and executive functions seem to be particularly vulnerable due to the late maturation in the development process. Executive impairments have been associated with poorer quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. A systematic review was carried out with studies that assessed executive functions in childhood ALL survivors.\ Studies were collected from five electronic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed); PsycInfo; WebOfScience; LILACS and IBECS. Eighty-four studies were retrieved from the database search, of which 50 were read in full and 26 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were heterogeneous as to the instruments used to assess executive function, the skills assessed and the comparison methods. Despite some discrepancies, ALL survivors seem to exhibit poorer executive functioning than typical controls, but this result did not hold true when subjects were compared to normative mean. Changes in brain structure and dynamics resulting from the disease itself, the toxicity of the treatment and difficulties in coping with the stress during treatment may be related to executive impairments in ALL survivors. Discussion proposed standardized methods and measures for assessing executive functioning in children during and after ALL treatment.

中文翻译：

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儿童急性淋巴白血病治疗后执行功能的评估：系统评价。

治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的个体存活率高。但是，如某些研究所示，这一事实可能会导致幸存者出现神经认知障碍。由于发育过程的后期成熟，前额叶皮层和执行功能似乎特别脆弱。执行障碍与儿童癌症幸存者生活质量较差有关。对评估儿童所有幸存者执行功能的研究进行了系统的综述。\研究来自五个电子数据库：MEDLINE（PubMed）；PsycInfo; WebOfScience；LILACS和IBECS。从数据库搜索中检索了84项研究，其中50篇被完整阅读，其中26篇符合纳入标准。对于评估执行功能的工具，评估的技能和比较方法，研究是异类的。尽管存在一些差异，但所有幸存者似乎都比典型对照表现出较差的执行功能，但是当将受试者与标准均值进行比较时，该结果并不成立。由疾病本身，治疗的毒性以及治疗过程中难以应对压力引起的大脑结构和动力学变化可能与所有幸存者的执行力障碍有关。讨论提出了评估ALL治疗期间和之后儿童执行功能的标准化方法和措施。但是，当将受试者与标准均值进行比较时，该结果并不成立。由疾病本身，治疗的毒性以及治疗过程中难以应对压力引起的大脑结构和动力学变化可能与所有幸存者的执行力障碍有关。讨论提出了评估ALL治疗期间和之后儿童执行功能的标准化方法和措施。但是，当将受试者与标准均值进行比较时，该结果并不成立。由疾病本身，治疗的毒性以及治疗过程中难以应对压力引起的大脑结构和动力学变化可能与所有幸存者的执行力障碍有关。讨论提出了评估ALL治疗期间和之后儿童执行功能的标准化方法和措施。