Three newly synthesized Cu(II) ion selective electrodes based on 1,8-dihydoxyanthraquinone (DHAQ), as an ionophore, have been developed. Carbon paste electrode has been modified with DAHQ (sensor I), graphene and DHAQ (sensor II) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and DHAQ (sensor III), in order to improve the conductivity and transduction of chemical signal to electrical signal. Under optimized conditions, the electrodes I, II and III revealed Nernstian slopes of 29.78 ± 0.17, 30.25 ± 0.12, and 30.55 ± 0.19 mV decade^-1, respectively, at 25±1 °C covering a wide concentration range from 1×10^–6 to 1×10⁻¹ mol L^–1 for sensors I and II and from 1×10^–5 to 1×10⁻¹ mol L^–1 for sensor III with detection limit values of 8×10⁻⁷, 5×10⁻⁷, and 3.3×10⁻⁶ mol L^-1, respectively. The response of the proposed electrodes is very fast and independent of pH in the range of 2.4–6.5 and the response mechanism is studied using IR, SEM and EDX analyses. Selectivity coefficients have been determined by applying separate solution method and matched potential method, where the obtained values indicated the good discrimination of Cu(II) from other cations by the proposed sensors. The developed sensors have been used successfully for quantitative determination of Cu(II) ions in different matrix of spiked real water samples and biological fluids (urine and serum). These sensors have also been used successfully as indicator electrodes in the potentiometric titration of Cu(II) with EDTA.

中文翻译：

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基于石墨烯和多壁碳纳米管修饰石墨电极的电位计传感器，可用于测定真实水样品和生物流体中的Cu（II）

已经开发了三个新合成的基于1,8-二羟基蒽醌（DHAQ）作为离子载体的Cu（II）离子选择电极。碳糊电极已通过DAHQ（传感器I），石墨烯和DHAQ（传感器II）以及多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）和DHAQ（传感器III）进行了改良，以提高电导率并将化学信号转化为电信号。在最佳条件下，电极I，II和III在25±1°C时的Nernstian斜率分别为29.78±0.17、30.25±0.12和30.55±0.19 mV October ^-1，覆盖范围从1×10 ^– I和II传感器为⁶至1×10 ^-1 mol L ^–1，传感器为1×10 ^–5至1×10 ^-1 mol L传感器III的^–1，检测极限值为8×10 ^-7，5 ×10 ^-7和3.3×10 ^-6 mol L ^-1， 分别。拟议中的电极响应速度非常快，并且不受pH值影响，范围在2.4-6.5之间，并且使用IR，SEM和EDX分析研究了响应机理。选择性系数已通过应用单独的溶液法和匹配的电势法确定，其中获得的值表明拟议的传感器对Cu（II）与其他阳离子的良好区分。研发的传感器已成功用于定量测定加标的真实水样品和生物流体（尿液和血清）不同基质中的Cu（II）离子。这些传感器也已成功用作EDTA电位滴定法测定Cu（II）的指示电极。