Glycated hemoglobin is the frequently used test in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. However, because this test is affected by various factors and may not be accurate for patients of certain health conditions, the present study aims to explore the association between potential and cost-effective markers like serum Fructosamine, Erythrocyte Na+-K+ ATPase, and Glutathione peroxidase with altering levels of established marker HbA1c (Glycated haemoglobin). The study showed that serum Fructosamine has a statistically significant (P = <0.0001) association with increasing levels of HbA1c as well as blood glucose. There was a 100% sensitivity and specificity for serum fructosamine test against HbA1c in ROC analysis, however, the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity was not affected by increasing HbA1c levels.

中文翻译：

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血清果糖胺，红细胞Na + -K + ATPase和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶与HbA1c水平的相关性

糖化血红蛋白是诊断糖尿病的常用方法。但是，由于该测试受多种因素的影响，对于某些健康状况的患者可能并不准确，因此本研究旨在探讨潜在的和具有成本效益的标志物（如血清果糖胺，红血球Na + -K + ATPase和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）之间的关联。改变已建立的标记物HbA1c（糖化血红蛋白）的水平。该研究表明，血清果糖胺与HbA1c和血糖水平的增加具有统计学意义（P = <0.0001）。在ROC分析中，血清果糖胺测试对HbA1c的敏感性和特异性为100％，