ABSTRACT Current cultivation and breeding strategy based on selections from local and wild vegetation does not meet the hazelnut demand. This situation would benefit from the development of high-yielding cultivars with greater tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Molecular markers are useful tools to support these breeding efforts. In the current study, EST-SSR markers were developed from RNA-sequencing data obtained from three hazelnut varieties. The transcriptome sequences contained 86,542 unigenes and a total of 25,391 SSRs, most of which (50.9%) were di-nucleotide repeats. A set of 40 primer pairs were randomly selected to validate their usefulness for investigating genetic diversity in 19 C. avellana cultivars and one accession of Corylus colurna. Of the 40, 28 were highly polymorphic with average values of observed heterozygosity, polymorphism information content and number of alleles per locus of 0.45, 0.67 and 6.11, respectively. The principal coordinate and dendrogram analysis separated the C. colurna accession from the C. avellana cultivars, and separated the cultivars for date of leaf bud burst. These new EST-SSRs and others that could be developed from the transcriptome sequences increase the number of markers for cultivar fingerprinting and may be useful for identifying marker-trait associations and further genetic diversity analyses.

中文翻译：

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通过榛子品种的转录组测序和基于 SSR 的表征发现榛子 (Corylus avellana L.) 中的简单序列重复 (SSR) 标记

摘要 目前基于当地和野生植被选择的栽培和育种策略不能满足榛子的需求。这种情况将受益于对非生物和生物胁迫条件具有更大耐受性的高产栽培品种的开发。分子标记是支持这些育种工作的有用工具。在目前的研究中，EST-SSR 标记是根据从三个榛子品种获得的 RNA 测序数据开发的。转录组序列包含 86,542 个 unigenes 和总共 25,391 个 SSR，其中大部分 (50.9%) 是双核苷酸重复序列。随机选择了一组 40 对引物，以验证它们对研究 19 个 C. avellana 栽培品种和一个 Corylus colurna 种质的遗传多样性的有用性。在这 40 名中，28 个是高度多态性的，观察到的杂合性、多态性信息含量和每个基因座的等位基因数的平均值分别为 0.45、0.67 和 6.11。主坐标和树状图分析将C. colurna 种质与C. avellana 品种分离，并根据叶芽破裂日期分离品种。这些新的 EST-SSR 和其他可以从转录组序列中开发出来的东西增加了栽培品种指纹识别的标记数量，并且可能有助于识别标记-性状关联和进一步的遗传多样性分析。并根据叶芽破裂日期对品种进行分离。这些新的 EST-SSR 和其他可以从转录组序列中开发出来的东西增加了栽培品种指纹识别的标记数量，并且可能有助于识别标记-性状关联和进一步的遗传多样性分析。并根据叶芽破裂日期对品种进行分离。这些新的 EST-SSR 和其他可以从转录组序列中开发出来的东西增加了栽培品种指纹识别的标记数量，并且可能有助于识别标记-性状关联和进一步的遗传多样性分析。