Abstract Context Kalanchoe species (Crassulaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine as remedies in infectious diseases and cancer treatment. Objective Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier, K. pinnata (Lam.) Pers., and K. blossfeldiana Poelln. extracts were determined. The relationship between biological activities and the extracts bufadienolides content was also investigated. Materials and methods Fresh leaves of Kalanchoe species were macerated with 95% ethanol or water. The quantitative analysis of bufadienolides in the extracts was carried out with mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity tests were performed on human cancer cell lines – HeLa, SKOV-3, MCF-7, and A375 by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and Real-Time Cell Analysis system. The microbiological study was done using a few bacteria strains (β-hemolytic Streptococcus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli) and Candida albicans. Results The K. blossfeldiana ethanol extract and K. daigremontiana water extract exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity (IC50 < 19 µg/mL for HeLa and SKOV-3 cells). The strongest antibacterial effects showed ethanol extract of K. blossfeldiana and K. pinnata (MIC values were 8.45, 8.45, 0.25 and <33.75 µg/mL for S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. hirae, respectively). The highest total amount of bufadienolides was in K. daigremontiana ethanol extract. In contrast, K. blossfeldiana ethanol extract did not show the presence of these compounds. Conclusions Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ethanol extract is a potential candidate for cancer and bacterial infection treatment. Additionally, the biological effects of Kalanchoe extracts are not dependent on the presence and amount of bufadienolides in the plant extracts.

中文翻译：

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长寿花叶提取物的生物活性及其与蟾蜍二烯内酯含量的关系

摘要 背景长寿花属（景天科）在传统医学中被广泛用作传染病和癌症治疗的药物。目的 Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier、K. pinnata (Lam.) Pers. 和 K. blossfeldiana Poelln 的细胞毒和抗菌活性。提取物进行了测定。还研究了生物活性与提取物蟾蜍二烯内酯含量之间的关系。材料和方法 用 95% 乙醇或水浸渍长寿花的新鲜叶子。用质谱法对提取物中的蟾蜍二烯内酯进行定量分析。通过 MTT（3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide）测定和 Real- 对人类癌细胞系 HeLa、SKOV-3、MCF-7 和 A375 进行细胞毒性测试时间单元分析系统。使用几种细菌菌株（β-溶血性链球菌、白喉棒状杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、海拉肠球菌、大肠杆菌）和白色念珠菌进行了微生物学研究。结果 K. blossfeldiana 乙醇提取物和 K. daigremontiana 水提取物表现出最强的细胞毒活性（对 HeLa 和 SKOV-3 细胞的 IC50 < 19 µg/mL）。最强的抗菌作用是 K. blossfeldiana 和 K. pinnata 的乙醇提取物（金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和 E. hirae 的 MIC 值分别为 8.45、8.45、0.25 和 <33.75 µg/mL）。蟾蜍二烯内酯的最高总量是在大白菊乙醇提取物中。相反，K. blossfeldiana 乙醇提取物没有显示这些化合物的存在。结论 长寿花乙醇提取物是治疗癌症和细菌感染的潜在候选者。此外，长寿花提取物的生物效应不依赖于植物提取物中蟾蜍二烯内酯的存在和含量。