Abstract Torrential rains, landslides, and seismic activity are the common factors that are causing unprecedented damage to life, property and infrastructure in Mandakini and Bhilangana basins of Garhwal Himalaya. Owing to such conditions, we demonstrate the feedback this landscape in Garhwal Himalaya in response to episodic tectonic uplift and monsoon precipitation. We calculated conventional geomorphic parameters to access the tectonic deformation across the major thrusts and faults. We further analyzed the normalized steepness index (Ksn), Chi (χ), and knickpoints along the longitudinal course of rivers. Additionally, the study attributed to active nature of Chail/Ramgarh thrust along the Balganga valley as envisaged by five levels of unpaired fluvial terraces, entrenched stream course, river ponding, active and stabilized landslide deposits, etc. Moreover, the flooding during the heavy rainfall events induced river toe cutting makes an effect on settlement over fluvial deposits. Therefore, we suggested that the highly dissected and tilted basins with deep V shaped valleys and ongoing seismicity also fabricates the region more vulnerable for hazards which threaten the human lives.

中文翻译：

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印度加瓦尔喜马拉雅山 Bhilangana 和 Mandakini 盆地景观演化的构造印记：地理空间方法

摘要 暴雨、山体滑坡和地震活动是导致喜马拉雅山 Mandakini 和 Bhilangana 盆地生命、财产和基础设施遭受空前破坏的常见因素。由于这样的条件，我们展示了 Garhwal 喜马拉雅山景观对间歇性构造隆起和季风降水的反馈。我们计算了常规地貌参数，以了解主要逆冲断层和断层的构造变形。我们进一步分析了归一化陡度指数 (Ksn)、Chi (χ) 和沿河流纵向路线的拐点。此外，该研究归因于沿 Balganga 山谷的 Chail/Ramgarh 逆冲断层的活动性质，如五层不成对的河流阶地、根深蒂固的河道、河流积水、活动和稳定的滑坡沉积物、等等。此外，强降雨事件期间的洪水导致河流断趾，对河流沉积物的沉降产生影响。因此，我们认为具有深 V 形山谷和持续地震活动的高度解剖和倾斜的盆地也使该地区更容易受到威胁人类生命的灾害的影响。