Crowd simulation has emerged in the last decade as a widely used method of visual effects, computer games, and urban planning, etc. The improvement of hardware performance and the urgent need of special effect lead to an unprecedented wave of crowd simulation studies. This paper reports a review of crowd simulation models from traditional methods to recent methods (e.g. group simulation, emotion contagion). Traditional models can simulate general crowd dynamics which have the advantages of both microscopic and macroscopic models. The recent studies of crowd simulation from group simulation to social psychology crowds are possible to simulate realistic crowds. The purpose of this review is to introduce commonly used crowd simulation methods for newcomers to this field by making a systematic literature review, discussions and analysis of different models. The results reveal the traditional models can simulate most of the normal crowds, but lack expressiveness for special groups which needs to be solved urgently in the current applications, particularly on visual effects and urban planning. Group simulation and emotion contagion could improve the simulation realism, but it also needs to be improved in computation cost and model optimization. Also, future research directions are suggested aiming to develop new applications focused on more realistic, natural and efficient crowd simulation.

在过去的十年中，人群模拟已经成为一种广泛使用的视觉效果，计算机游戏和城市规划等方法。硬件性能的提高和特殊效果的迫切需求导致了人群模拟研究的空前浪潮。本文报告了从传统方法到最新方法（例如，群体模拟，情绪传染）的人群模拟模型的回顾。传统模型可以模拟总体人群动态，这具有微观和宏观模型的优势。从群体模拟到社会心理人群的最近人群模拟研究可以模拟现实人群。这篇综述的目的是通过进行系统的文献综述，向该领域的新手介绍常用的人群模拟方法，不同模型的讨论和分析。结果表明，传统模型可以模拟大多数正常人群，但是对于特殊人群缺乏表现力，这在当前应用中尤其是在视觉效果和城市规划上迫切需要解决。群体仿真和情感传染可以改善仿真的真实感，但是在计算成本和模型优化方面也需要提高。此外，建议未来的研究方向，以开发针对更现实，自然和有效的人群模拟的新应用。群体仿真和情感传染可以改善仿真的真实感，但是在计算成本和模型优化方面也需要提高。此外，建议未来的研究方向，以开发针对更现实，自然和有效的人群模拟的新应用。群体仿真和情感传染可以改善仿真的真实性，但是在计算成本和模型优化方面也需要提高。此外，建议未来的研究方向，以开发针对更现实，自然和有效的人群模拟的新应用。