Purpose

“Omics” techniques have been used to understand and to identify biomarkers of male infertility. We report on the first metabonomics models created to diagnose varicocele and infertility among men with varicocele.

Methods

We recruited 35 infertile men with varicocele (VI group), 21 fertile men with varicocele (VF group) and 24 fertile men without varicocele (C group). All men underwent standard semen analysis, scrotal duplex ultrasonography, and sexual hormone level measurement. Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectra of seminal plasma were used to create metabonomics models to discriminate between men with and without varicocele, and between fertile and infertile men with varicocele.

Results

Using the statistical formalisms partial least square discriminants analysis and genetic algorithm–based linear discriminant analysis (GA-LDA), we created two models that discriminated the three groups from each other with accuracy of 92.17%. We also created metabonomics models using orthogonal partial least square discriminants analysis and GA-LDA that discriminated VF group from VI group, with an accuracy of 94.64% and 100% respectively. We identified 19 metabolites that were important in group segregation: caprate, 2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerate, leucine, valine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, alanine, 4-aminobutyrate, isoleucine, citrate, methanol, glucose, glycosides, glycerol-3-phosphocoline, n-acetyltyrosine, glutamine, tyrosine, arginine, and uridine.

Conclusions

¹HNMR-based metabonomics of seminal plasma can be used to create metabonomics models to discriminate between men with varicocele from those without varicocele, and between fertile men with varicocele from those infertile with varicocele. Furthermore, the most important metabolites for group segregation are involved in the oxidative stress caused by varicocele.

中文翻译：

---

基于 1H NMR 的代谢组学用于精索静脉曲张男性不育症诊断。

目的

“组学”技术已被用来理解和识别男性不育的生物标志物。我们报告了第一个用于诊断精索静脉曲张和精索静脉曲张男性不孕症的代谢组学模型。

方法

我们招募了 35 名患有精索静脉曲张的不育男性（VI 组）、21 名患有精索静脉曲张的生育男性（VF 组）和 24 名不患有精索静脉曲张的生育男性（C 组）。所有男性均接受了标准精液分析、阴囊双重超声检查和性激素水平测量。精浆的氢 1 核磁共振 ( ¹ H NMR) 谱被用来创建代谢组学模型，以区分患有和不患有精索静脉曲张的男性，以及患有精索静脉曲张的可生育和不育男性。

结果

使用统计形式偏最小二乘判别分析和基于遗传算法的线性判别分析（GA-LDA），我们创建了两个模型，能够以 92.17% 的准确度区分这三组。我们还使用正交偏最小二乘判别分析和 GA-LDA 创建了区分 VF 组和 VI 组的代谢组学模型，准确率分别为 94.64% 和 100%。我们鉴定了 19 种对群体分离很重要的代谢物：癸酸、2-羟基-3-甲基戊酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、3-羟基丁酸、乳酸、丙氨酸、4-氨基丁酸、异亮氨酸、柠檬酸、甲醇、葡萄糖、糖苷、甘油-3 -磷酸胆碱、n-乙酰酪氨酸、谷氨酰胺、酪氨酸、精氨酸和尿苷。

结论

^基于1 HNMR 的精浆代谢组学可用于创建代谢组学模型，以区分患有精索静脉曲张的男性和未患有精索静脉曲张的男性，以及区分患有精索静脉曲张的可生育男性和患有精索静脉曲张的不育男性。此外，群体分离最重要的代谢物涉及精索静脉曲张引起的氧化应激。