Frame-Guided Assembly (FGA) strategy has been recently reported to prepare vesicles with customized shapes and sizes. However, the effects of the interaction between leading hydrophobic groups (LHGs) and amphiphiles on the thermodynamic and kinetic control of the FGA process haven't been fully understood. In this work, we employed the pH low-insertion peptide (pHLIP) as the LHGs because its interaction with lipids could be finely tuned by pH and investigated the mechanism of FGA in detail. Our study demonstrated the peptide frames could successfully guide the assembly of lipids to form hetero-liposomes below the pH transition point owing to the strong peptide and lipids interaction. The pH-dependent kinetic controlled FGA process was proved and factors affecting the FGA process were also investigated systematically. We believe this pH-responsive FGA strategy improved our knowledge on the mechanism of the FGA and provide inspiration in understanding the sophisticated assembly behavior in life.

最近已经报道了框架引导组装（FGA）策略来制备具有定制形状和大小的囊泡。但是，尚未完全了解主要的疏水基团（LHG）和两亲物之间的相互作用对FGA过程的热力学和动力学控制的影响。在这项工作中，我们采用pH低插入肽（pHLIP）作为LHG，因为可以通过pH来微调其与脂质的相互作用，并详细研究了FGA的机理。我们的研究表明，由于强的肽和脂质相互作用，肽框架可以成功地指导脂质的组装以形成低于pH转换点的杂脂质体。证明了pH依赖的动力学控制FGA工艺，并系统地研究了影响FGA工艺的因素。