Abstract Urban green areas are an important part of the cities that provide ‘novel ecosystem’ for the preservation of many plants and animals. Pollinators are the one animal group that are well adapted to live in the urban environment. However, not all green areas in the city affect pollinators equally, which is associated with management practices, vegetation composition, and distance to the city center. Our study was aimed to assess how environmental features and vegetation composition shape the pollinator communities in different habitats in the city. Forty seven squares in the three different urban green areas (i.e., urban grassland, housing estate, urban park) were established in the Poznan city, where the bees, butterflies, and hoverflies were surveyed. On each square, the vegetation and environmental features were estimated. Plant communities’ composition was different between three habitats, which affected pollinators’ compositions in the city. The NMDS analyses showed that in the case of bees and butterflies, plant height and share of built-up area explain a high percentage of the variance. Additionally, the Plantaginaceae, Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae and Caryophyllaceae families had a significant impact on pollinators. Plants form these families are characterized by the flowers from opened to closed corollas (flag-, bell-, gullet-, tube-, capitulum-shaped), which provide access to nectar and pollen for different pollinator groups. This study demonstrated that both environmental and vegetation features had a significant effect on pollinators species communities’ composition, which is indirectly relate to management practices of these greenery areas. The management policy of greenery landscapes in the city, especially in more transformed areas like urban parks and housing estates, must consider restricted implement actions leading to a reduction of the number of mowing or/and leaving un-mowed foraging patches for pollinators.

中文翻译：

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将传粉媒介与城市植物群联系起来：植被组成和环境特征如何影响城市环境中的传粉媒介组成

摘要 城市绿地是城市的重要组成部分，为众多动植物的保护提供了“新型生态系统”。传粉者是一种非常适合生活在城市环境中的动物群体。然而，并非城市中的所有绿地对传粉媒介的影响都相同，这与管理实践、植被组成以及与市中心的距离有关。我们的研究旨在评估环境特征和植被组成如何塑造城市不同栖息地的传粉媒介群落。在波兹南市设立了三个不同城市绿地（即城市草地、住宅区、城市公园）的47个广场，对蜜蜂、蝴蝶和食蚜蝇进行了调查。在每个方块上，估计了植被和环境特征。三个生境的植物群落组成不同，影响了城市传粉媒介的组成。NMDS 分析表明，在蜜蜂和蝴蝶的情况下，植物高度和建筑面积份额解释了高百分比的差异。此外，车前草科、紫草科、菊科、唇形科、毛茛科和石竹科对传粉媒介有显着影响。形成这些科的植物的特征是花从开放到闭合的花冠（旗形、钟形、食道形、管形、头状花冠），为不同的传粉者群体提供花蜜和花粉。这项研究表明，环境和植被特征都对传粉媒介物种群落的组成有显着影响，这与这些绿地的管理实践间接相关。城市绿化景观的管理政策，特别是在城市公园和住宅区等改造程度更高的地区，必须考虑限制实施行动，导致减少割草数量或/和为授粉媒介留下未割草的觅食地。