An increased sensitivity to painful stimuli has been proposed to be related to the development of chronic pain. Therefore, assessment of individual pain sensitivity is useful in clinical practice. However, experimental pain testing may be uncomfortable for patients and requires specific equipment. The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) has been developed to facilitate assessment of pain sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the PSQ from its published German and English versions into the Dutch language and to assess validity of the PSQ in healthy volunteers. After translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PSQ following international guidelines, we validated the PSQ in 394 healthy volunteers by comparing the PSQ-values with two different experimental pain tests: electrical pain tolerance (EPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT). In addition, ratings of pain intensity during these tests were obtained on the numerical rating scale (NRS, 0–10). We found that the reliability of the PSQ based on internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s alpha 0.90). PSQ-scores, adjusted for age and sex, were statistically significant and weakly inversely correlated to EPT (PSQ-moderate: rho = −0.24, ; PSQ-total: rho = −0.22, ). No statistically significant correlation between PSQ-scores and PPT was found. Concerning the pain scores, PSQ-scores were weakly to moderately correlated to EPT-NRS (PSQ-minor: rho = 0.21, ; PSQ-moderate: rho = 0.22, ; PSQ-total: rho = 0.23, ) as well as PPT-NRS (PSQ-minor: rho = 0.32, ; PSQ-moderate: rho = 0.36, ; PSQ-total: rho = 0.37, ). Therefore, we concluded that the Dutch version of the PSQ is culturally appropriate for assessing self-reported pain sensitivity in healthy volunteers.

中文翻译：

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荷兰健康志愿者的疼痛敏感性问卷的翻译，跨文化适应和验证。

已经提出对疼痛刺激的敏感性增加与慢性疼痛的发展有关。因此，对个体疼痛敏感性的评估在临床实践中很有用。但是，实验性疼痛测试可能会使患者不舒服，并且需要特定的设备。疼痛敏感性问卷（PSQ）已经被开发出来以促进疼痛敏感性的评估。在这项研究中，我们旨在将PSQ从其已发布的德语和英语版本翻译和跨文化适应到荷兰语，并评估PSQ在健康志愿者中的有效性。按照国际准则对PSQ进行翻译和跨文化改编后，我们通过将PSQ值与两种不同的实验性疼痛测试进行比较，在394名健康志愿者中验证了PSQ：电痛耐受性（EPT）和压力痛阈值（PPT）。此外，这些测试过程中疼痛强度的评分是通过数字评分量表（NRS，0-10）获得的。我们发现基于内部一致性的PSQ的可靠性很好（Cronbach's alpha 0.90）。经过年龄和性别调整的PSQ得分具有统计学意义，与EPT呈弱反相关关系（PSQ中等：rho = -0.24，; PSQ总计：rho = −0.22，）。在PSQ得分和PPT之间未发现统计学上的显着相关性。关于疼痛评分，PSQ得分与EPT-NRS呈弱至中度相关（PSQ-minor：rho = 0.21，; PSQ-中：rho = 0.22，; PSQ总计：rho = 0.23，）以及PPT-NRS（PSQ-minor：rho = 0.32，; PSQ-中：rho = 0.36，; PSQ总计：rho = 0.37，）。因此，我们得出结论，PSQ的荷兰语版本在文化上适合于评估健康志愿者自我报告的疼痛敏感性。