Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), particularly lactobacilli, are major components of the vaginal microbiota. Lactobacilli are facultative anaerobes forming a critical line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms, including those forming biofilms, such as Candida spp. This study aimed to investigate the anti-adhesion capabilities of vaginal Lactobacillus isolates against biofilms formed by pathogenic Candida species. When the extracellular biosurfactant activities of culture supernatants from 120 Lactobacillus isolates were evaluated by the oil-spreading method, clear spreading zones were recognized. Biofilm formation was quantified by the crystal violet plate assay, and different isolates exhibited anti-adhesion activity that ranged from 65.6to 74.4% inhibition against Candida spp. biofilms. Liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) identified biosurfactants, extracted from three representative Lactobacillus isolates, as surfactin, iturin and lichenysin. Finally, the distribution of representative genes from six different biosynthetic clusters, related to the production of different biosurfactants, was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, surfactin, iturin and lichenysin were identified for the first time in vaginal Lactobacillus spp. These biosurfactants, which showed strong anti-adherence activity may be used as promising antibiofilm agents in equipment care to prevent vaginal infections by pathogenic Candida spp. with the prospect of reducing nosocomial infections.

中文翻译：

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来自阴道分离的乳酸杆菌的生物表面活性剂iturin，地衣素和surfactin可以防止病原性念珠菌形成生物膜。

乳酸菌（LAB），特别是乳酸杆菌，是阴道微生物群的主要成分。乳酸杆菌是兼性厌氧菌，可形成抵抗病原微生物的关键防线，包括形成生物膜的微生物，例如念珠菌。这项研究旨在调查阴道乳酸杆菌分离株对由致病性念珠菌物种形成的生物膜的抗粘附能力。当120乳酸杆菌培养上清液的细胞外生物表面活性剂活性时通过涂油方法对分离物进行评估，确认到清晰的扩散区。通过结晶紫平板测定法定量生物膜的形成，并且不同的分离物表现出对念珠菌的抑制力为65.6％至74.4％。生物膜。液相色谱高分辨率电喷雾电离质谱（LC-HRESIMS）鉴定了从三种代表性乳杆菌中提取的生物表面活性剂分离物，如表面活性素，伊图林和地衣素。最后，通过聚合酶链反应研究了来自六个不同生物合成簇的代表性基因的分布，这些分布与不同生物表面活性剂的产生有关。总之，首次在阴道乳酸杆菌属中鉴定了表面活性素，伊图林和地衣素。这些具有强抗粘附活性的生物表面活性剂可在设备护理中用作有前途的抗生物膜剂，以预防病原性念珠菌属的阴道感染。有望减少医院感染。