Cerebral palsy (CP) is a set of etiologically diverse symptoms that change with the child’s age. It is one of the most frequent causes of motor disability in children. CP occurs at a frequency of 1.5 to 3.0 per 1000 live-born children. CP often coexists with epilepsy, which is drug-resistant in a high number of cases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations between preconception, prenatal, perinatal, neonatal, and infancy risk factors for epilepsy in a group of pediatric patients with CP. We retrospectively analyzed 181 children with CP (aged 4–17 years at diagnosis), hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology in Katowice in the years 2008–2016. Division into particular types of CP was based on Ingram’s classification. Data were analyzed using STATISTICA 13.0 (STATSOFT; Statistica, Tulsa, OK, USA). Epilepsy was diagnosed in 102 children (56.35%), of whom 44 (43%) had drug-resistant epilepsy; only in 15 cases (14.71%) was epilepsy susceptible to treatment. The incidence of epilepsy varied between the types of CP. It occurred significantly more often in children with tetraplegia (75%), ataxic form (83%), and mixed form (80%) in comparison to diplegia (32%) and hemiplegia (38%). Maternal hypertension was found to be a risk factor for epilepsy in CP patients (OR = 12.46, p < 0.001) as well as for drug-resistant epilepsy (the odds ratio (OR) = 9.86, p = 0.040). Delivery by cesarean section increased the risk of epilepsy in the CP patients over two-fold (OR = 2.17, p = 0.012). We observed also that neonatal convulsions significantly increased the risk for epilepsy (OR = 3.04, p = 0.011) as well as drug-resistant epilepsy (OR = 4.02, p = 0.002). In conclusion, maternal hypertension, neonatal convulsions, and delivery by cesarean section were the most important factors increasing the risk of epilepsy as well as drug-resistant epilepsy in the analyzed group of patients with CP.

中文翻译：

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小儿脑瘫患者癫痫危险因素的评估。

脑瘫（CP）是一组病因学上不同的症状，会随着孩子的年龄而变化。它是儿童运动障碍最常见的原因之一。每1000个活产儿中CP发生的频率为1.5到3.0。CP常与癫痫并存，癫痫在许多情况下是耐药的。本研究的目的是分析一组儿科CP患者的妊娠前，产前，围产期，新生儿和婴儿期危险因素之间的关联。我们回顾性分析了2008-2016年在卡托维兹的儿科和发育年龄神经病科住院的181例CP（诊断为4-17岁）的儿童。根据英格拉姆的分类将特定类型的CP分为几类。使用STATISTICA 13.0（STATSOFT； Statistica，Tulsa，OK，美国）。102例儿童（56.35％）被诊断为癫痫病，其中44例（43％）患有耐药性癫痫。只有15例（14.71％）的癫痫患者易于治疗。癫痫的发生率在CP类型之间有所不同。与截瘫（32％）和偏瘫（38％）相比，四肢瘫痪（75％），共济失调（83％）和混合形式（80％）的儿童发生率更高。发现母体高血压是CP患者癫痫的危险因素（OR = 12.46，混合形式（80％），而截瘫（32％）和偏瘫（38％）。发现母体高血压是CP患者癫痫的危险因素（OR = 12.46，混合形式（80％），而截瘫（32％）和偏瘫（38％）。发现母体高血压是CP患者癫痫的危险因素（OR = 12.46，p <0.001）以及耐药性癫痫（比值比（OR）= 9.86，p = 0.040）。剖宫产分娩可使CP患者的癫痫风险增加两倍（OR = 2.17，p = 0.012）。我们还观察到新生儿惊厥显着增加了癫痫的风险（OR = 3.04，p = 0.011）以及耐药性癫痫（OR = 4.02，p = 0.002）。总之，在分析的CP患者组中，母亲高血压，新生儿惊厥和剖宫产是增加癫痫风险和耐药性癫痫风险的最重要因素。