Bacterial infection remains the main cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome and is a leading cause of death and disability in critically ill patients. Here we report on the use of purified β‐glucan (lentinan) extracts from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) mushroom that can reduce infection by a multidrug‐resistant clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a rodent pneumonia model, likely through immunomodulation. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to intra‐tracheal administration of K. pneumoniae to induce pulmonary sepsis and randomized to three groups; vehicle control (Vehicle, n = 12), commercial lentinan (CL, n = 8) or in‐house extracted lentinan (IHL, n = 8) were administered intravenously 1 h postinfection. Physiological parameters and blood gas analysis were measured, bacterial counts from bronchoalveolar‐lavage (BAL) were determined, along with differential staining of white cells and measurement of protein concentration in BAL 48 h after pneumonia induction. Use of IHL extract significantly decreased BAL CFU counts. Both CL and IHL extractions reduced protein concentration in BAL. Use of IHL resulted in an improvement in physiological parameters compared to controls and CL. In conclusion, administration of lentinan to treat sepsis‐induced lung injury appears safe and effective and may exert its effects in an immunomodulatory manner.

中文翻译：

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来自香菇的纯化 β-葡聚糖改善耐抗生素肺炎克雷伯菌诱导的肺脓毒症

细菌感染仍然是急性呼吸窘迫综合征的主要原因，是危重患者死亡和残疾的主要原因。在这里，我们报告了使用来自香菇 (Shiitake) 蘑菇的纯化 β-葡聚糖 (香菇多糖) 提取物，该提取物可以通过免疫调节减少啮齿类动物肺炎模型中肺炎克雷伯菌多药耐药临床分离株的感染。成年雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠气管内注射肺炎克雷伯菌诱导肺脓毒症，随机分为三组；在感染后 1 小时静脉内施用载体对照（载体，n = 12）、商业香菇多糖（CL，n = 8）或内部提取的香菇多糖（IHL，n = 8）。测量生理参数和血气分析，肺炎诱导后 48 小时，测定支气管肺泡灌洗 (BAL) 中的细菌计数，以及白细胞的差异染色和 BAL 中蛋白质浓度的测量。使用 IHL 提取物可显着降低 BAL CFU 计数。CL 和 IHL 提取都降低了 BAL 中的蛋白质浓度。与对照组和 CL 相比，IHL 的使用导致生理参数的改善。总之，使用香菇多糖治疗脓毒症引起的肺损伤似乎是安全有效的，并且可能以免疫调节的方式发挥其作用。与对照组和 CL 相比，IHL 的使用导致生理参数的改善。总之，使用香菇多糖治疗脓毒症引起的肺损伤似乎是安全有效的，并且可能以免疫调节的方式发挥其作用。与对照组和 CL 相比，IHL 的使用导致生理参数的改善。总之，使用香菇多糖治疗脓毒症引起的肺损伤似乎是安全有效的，并且可能以免疫调节的方式发挥其作用。