PURPOSE We sought to address the construct validity and reliability of the Personal Impact of Epilepsy Scale (PIES), an epilepsy-specific quality-of-life measure, in patients with epilepsy in Uganda. We also sought to assess the applicability of the scale across three languages: English, Luganda, and Runyankole. METHODS Patients with epilepsy (N = 626) were recruited at the time of care seeking from Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH), Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital (BNRMH), and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), and were given the English, Runyankole, and Luganda versions of the PIES as a part of a larger interview. Reliability, internal consistency specifically, was assessed using three parameters: Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega, and composite reliability. Construct validity (internal structure) was evaluated with principal component analysis (PCA) for three factors, as well as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for a three-factor structure of the scale. We also assessed correlations between the three PIES subscales and the seizure severity question in the Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale (LSSS) and reported seizure frequency. RESULTS The three-factor model of the PIES had adequate reliability, with Cronbach's Alpha, McDonald's Omega, and composite reliability values over 0.7, except for the Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega values for the second factor, which was slightly lower than 0.7 in the full sample as well as when stratified by study language. The PCA and CFA models for the scale demonstrated adequate fit with the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), with TLI and CFI values above 0.9 and RMSEA values less than 0.08. However, the model demonstrated inadequate fit with the Chi-square indicator, which yielded a significant p-value. Individual factor loadings ranged from 0.50 to 0.95 in the full sample, 0.45 to 0.98 in the English sample, and 0.45 to 0.93 in the Luganda sample. Finally, the three PIES subscales aligned with reported seizure frequency and the seizure severity question from the LSSS. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first Luganda and Runyankole versions of the PIES, and the first validation of this scale in English and Luganda with patients with epilepsy in Uganda. The PIES was found to have acceptable psychometric properties for reliability and validity parameters. Thus, the scale is recommended for use and for further investigation in patients with epilepsy in Uganda.

中文翻译：

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癫痫个人影响量表 (PIES) 在乌干达癫痫患者中的有效性

目的 我们试图在乌干达癫痫患者中解决癫痫个人影响量表 (PIES) 的结构效度和可靠性，PIES 是一种癫痫特定的生活质量量表。我们还试图评估该量表在三种语言中的适用性：英语、卢干达语和 Runyankole。方法 在就诊时从穆拉戈国家转诊医院 (MNRH)、布塔比卡国家转诊精神病院 (BNRMH) 和姆巴拉拉地区转诊医院 (MRRH) 招募癫痫患者 (N = 626)，并获得英语、 Runyankole 和 Luganda 版本的 PIES 作为大型采访的一部分。可靠性，特别是内部一致性，使用三个参数进行评估：Cronbach's alpha、McDonald's Omega 和复合可靠性。结构效度（内部结构）通过三个因素的主成分分析 (PCA) 以及量表的三因素结构的验证性因素分析 (CFA) 进行评估。我们还评估了三个 PIES 分量表与利物浦癫痫发​​作严重程度量表 (LSSS) 中癫痫发作严重程度问题和报告的癫痫发作频率之间的相关性。结果 PIES的三因子模型具有足够的信度，Cronbach's Alpha、McDonald's Omega和复合信度值均大于0.7，但第二因子的Cronbach's Alpha和McDonald's Omega值略低于0.7样本以及按研究语言分层时。该量表的 PCA 和 CFA 模型证明与 Tucker-Lewis 指数 (TLI)、比较拟合指数 (CFI)、和近似均方根误差 (RMSEA)，TLI 和 CFI 值高于 0.9，RMSEA 值小于 0.08。然而，该模型与卡方指标的拟合不充分，产生了显着的 p 值。单个因子载荷在完整样本中为 0.50 至 0.95，在英国样本中为 0.45 至 0.98，在卢干达样本中为 0.45 至 0.93。最后，三个 PIES 分量表与报告的癫痫发作频率和来自 LSSS 的癫痫发作严重程度问题保持一致。结论 本研究展示了 PIES 的第一个 Luganda 和 Runyankole 版本，并首次在乌干达的癫痫患者中用英语和 Luganda 验证了该量表。发现 PIES 在信度和效度参数方面具有可接受的心理测量特性。因此，