In this review article, we discuss the current status and future prospects of perturbation theory as a means of studying the equilibrium thermodynamic and near-equilibrium transport properties of deconfined QCD matter. We begin with a brief introduction to the general topic, after which we review in some detail the foundations and modern techniques of the real- and imaginary-time formalisms of thermal field theory, covering e.g. the different bases used in the real-time formalism and the resummations required to deal with soft and collinear contributions. After this, we discuss the current status of applications of these techniques, including topics such as electromagnetic rates, transport coefficients, jet quenching, heavy quarks and quarkonia, and the Equations of State of hot quark-gluon plasma as well as cold and dense quark matter. Finally, we conclude with our view of the future directions of the field, i.e. how we anticipate perturbative calculations to contribute to our collective understanding of strongly interacting matter in the coming years.

中文翻译：

---

微扰热 QCD：形式主义和应用

在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了扰动理论作为研究去约束 QCD 物质的平衡热力学和近平衡输运特性的一种手段的现状和未来前景。我们首先简要介绍一般主题，然后详细回顾热场理论的实时和虚时间形式主义的基础和现代技术，涵盖例如实时形式主义中使用的不同基础和处理软性和共线贡献所需的简历。在此之后，我们讨论了这些技术的应用现状，包括电磁速率、输运系数、射流淬火、重夸克和夸克尼亚等主题，以及热夸克-胶子等离子体以及冷和致密夸克的状态方程事情。最后，