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Mollusc shellomes: Past, present and future.
Journal of Structural Biology ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107583
Frédéric Marin 1
Affiliation  

In molluscs, the shell fabrication requires a large array of secreted macromolecules including proteins and polysaccharides. Some of them are occluded in the shell during mineralization process and constitute the shell repertoire. The protein moieties, also called shell proteomes or, more simply, 'shellomes', are nowadays analyzed via high-throughput approaches. These latter, applied so far on about thirty genera, have evidenced the huge diversity of shellomes from model to model. They also pinpoint the recurrent presence of functional domains of diverse natures. Shell proteins are not only involved in guiding the mineral deposition, but also in enzymatic and immunity-related functions, in signaling or in coping with many extracellular molecules such as saccharides. Many shell proteins exhibit low complexity domains, the function of which remains unclear. Shellomes appear as self-organizing systems that must be approached from the point of view of complex systems biology: at supramolecular level, they generate emergent properties, i.e., microstructures that cannot be simply explained by the sum of their parts. A conceptual scheme is developed here that reconciles the plasticity of the shellome, its evolvability and the constrained frame of microstructures. Other perspectives arising from the study of shellomes are briefly discussed, including the macroevolution of shell repertoires, their maturation and their transformation through time.



中文翻译:

软体动物贝类:过去、现在和未来。

在软体动物中,外壳制造需要大量分泌的大分子,包括蛋白质和多糖。其中一些在矿化过程中被封闭在壳中,构成了壳库。蛋白质部分,也称为壳蛋白质组,或更简单地称为“壳组”,现在通过高通量方法进行分析。后者迄今已应用于大约 30 个属,证明了不同模型的贝类具有巨大的多样性。他们还指出了不同性质的功能域的反复出现。壳蛋白不仅参与指导矿物质沉积,还参与酶促和免疫相关功能、信号传导或处理许多细胞外分子,如糖类。许多壳蛋白表现出低复杂性结构域,其功能尚不清楚。Shellomes 作为自组织系统出现,必须从复杂系统生物学的角度进行研究:在超分子水平上,它们产生紧急特性,,不能简单地用它们部分的总和来解释的微观结构。这里开发了一个概念方案,它协调了壳的可塑性、其可进化性和微结构的约束框架。简要讨论了贝类研究产生的其他观点,包括贝类库的宏观进化、它们的成熟和它们随时间的转变。

更新日期:2020-08-03
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