Abstract Conversational partners develop shared knowledge. In referential communication tasks, partners collaboratively establish brief labels for hard-to-name images. These image-label mappings are associated in memory with that partner, evidenced by use of those brief labels with the same partner, and longer descriptions with new partners. According to the people-as-contexts view, the conversational partner functions as a contextual cue to support retrieval of conversationally-relevant information. Inspired by findings from the memory literature that context effects can be stronger when retrieval is more explicit, two experiments test the hypothesis that the speaker will be more likely to invoke the partner as a retrieval cue when retrieval processes are more explicit. The results indicated a strong effect of partner that, contrary to these predictions, was not boosted by explicit retrieval processes. The lack of an effect of retrieval processes speaks to the ubiquity with which language use in conversation is tailored to the particular people with whom we converse.

中文翻译：

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检索流程和受众设计

摘要 会话伙伴开发共享知识。在参考通信任务中，合作伙伴协作为难以命名的图像建立简短的标签。这些图像标签映射在内存中与该合作伙伴相关联，通过使用相同合作伙伴的那些简短标签以及与新合作伙伴的更长描述来证明。根据人作为上下文的观点，会话伙伴作为上下文提示来支持会话相关信息的检索。受记忆文献研究结果的启发，当检索更明确时，上下文影响可能更强，两个实验测试了以下假设，即当检索过程更明确时，说话者更有可能将伴侣作为检索线索。结果表明合作伙伴的强大影响，与这些预测相反，没有受到显式检索过程的推动。缺乏检索过程的影响说明了对话中语言使用的普遍性是为我们与之交谈的特定人群量身定制的。