Introduction

The aim was to examine the health status and infectious diseases in a cohort of unaccompanied immigrant minors (UIMs) from Africa in Spain, and to detect if there are differences according to the geographical area of origin.

Methods

Cross-sectional study in 622 African male UIMs at the time of admission to residential care in Aragon (Spain) during 2005-2019. A physical, nutritional and laboratory examination was performed following sanitary guidelines.

Results

The mean age of the African UIMs was 16.1 years (SD 1.7; range 13-17). 88.9% were from Maghreb (mean age 15.9 years; SD 1.5) and 14.1% from Western Sub-Saharan (mean age 16.8 years; SD 1). We found that the prevalence of caries, iron deficiency and dermatological problems was significantly higher (p< .05) among Maghrebian, and the prevalence of past and present hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, intestinal parasitosis, eosinophilia (p< .00001) and latent tuberculosis (p = .0034) was significantly higher in those of Sub-Saharan origin.

Conclusion

The most relevant finding was the high prevalence of present HBV infection (14.8%) among Sub-Saharan adolescents. This finding highlights the importance of recommending targeted screening, preventive vaccination programs, and integration into local health care systems that allow for long-term treatment and follow-up as a way to prevent the transmission of HBV infection.

中文翻译：

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西班牙来自非洲的男性无人陪伴移民未成年人的健康状况和传染病

介绍

目的是检查来自西班牙的一群来自非洲的无人陪伴的未成年移民 (UIM) 的健康状况和传染病，并根据原籍地的地理区域检测是否存在差异。

方法

2005-2019 年在阿拉贡（西班牙）入院时对 622 名非洲男性 UIM 进行的横断面研究。按照卫生指南进行了身体、营养和实验室检查。

结果

非洲 UIM 的平均年龄为 16.1 岁（SD 1.7；范围 13-17）。88.9% 来自马格里布（平均年龄 15.9 岁；SD 1.5），14.1% 来自西撒哈拉（平均年龄 16.8 岁；SD 1）。我们发现， 马格里布人的龋齿、缺铁和皮肤病患病率显着更高 (p< .05)，过去和现在乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染、肠道寄生虫病、嗜酸性粒细胞增多症的患病率 (p<  .00001)和潜伏性结核病 (p  =  .0034) 在撒哈拉以南地区的人群中显着更高。

结论

最相关的发现是目前撒哈拉以南青少年中 HBV 感染的高流行率 (14.8%)。这一发现强调了推荐有针对性的筛查、预防性疫苗接种计划以及融入当地卫生保健系统的重要性，这些系统允许长期治疗和随访，以此作为预防 HBV 感染传播的一种方式。