The dispersion of surface jets in crossflows such as rivers or channels can cause critical environmental problems in the form of chemical or thermal pollution of these water bodies. The turbulent flow structures occurring in such crossflows play an important role in the mixing of surface jets with the surrounding water bodies. In this study, experimental measurements of the time history of the 3-D velocity field were conducted to better understand the flow structure of surface jets in crossflow conditions. Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry was used to measure the instantaneous spatial and temporal velocity distribution downstream of the jet’s discharge point. In addition to the mean velocity distribution, turbulent flow characteristics such as the turbulent kinetic energy (\(k\)), turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (\(\epsilon\)), and turbulent eddy viscosity (\(\nu_{t}\)) were calculated. The formation and evolution of a vortex in the surface jet’s flow structure was detected over the measurement zone. The vortex in the surface jets in crossflow resembled to half of the vortices in a counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) of submerged jets in crossflows. It can be inferred that the water surface performed like a plane of symmetry.

中文翻译：

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横流表面浮力射流的实验研究

表面射流在河流或河道等横流中的分散会以这些水体的化学或热污染形式引起严重的环境问题。在这种横流中产生的湍流结构在表面射流与周围水体的混合中起着重要作用。在这项研究中，对3-D速度场的时程进行了实验测量，以更好地了解横流条件下表面射流的流动结构。立体粒子图像测速仪用于测量射流排放点下游的瞬时时空速度分布。除平均速度分布外，湍流特性（例如湍动能（\（k \）），湍流动能耗散率（\（\ epsilon \））和湍流涡流粘度（\（\ nu_ {t} \））。在整个测量区域内检测到了表面射流流动结构中涡流的形成和演化。横流中的表面射流中的涡流类似于横流中浸没式射流的反向旋转涡流对（CVP）中的一半涡流。可以推断出水表面表现得像对称平面。