Since lightweight and energy-absorbing materials have an effective role in occupant safety during accidents, the use of hybrid aluminum–composite tubes and their optimum designs are of great importance in the crashworthiness. In this study, finite element simulation and multi-objective optimization of a hybrid aluminum–composite tube are performed under axial crushing to investigate the effect of metal volume fraction (MVF) on the objective functions, the specific energy absorption and the peak force. Besides, the effects of annealing and tempering of ductile aluminum alloys (Al-6061) as the base metal of hybrid tubes are investigated. The optimum values of the objective functions are obtained at [Formula: see text] (the same thickness of aluminum and composite). Also, annealing of ductile aluminum alloys has a negative effect on the objective functions. As a guideline for the design of fiber metal laminates under crushing, it is suggested to use tempered Al-6061 and increase the thickness of composite material so that [Formula: see text].

中文翻译：

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轴向破碎下混合铝复合管的多目标优化

由于轻质和吸能材料在事故期间对乘员安全具有有效作用，因此混合铝复合管的使用及其优化设计对于耐撞性非常重要。在这项研究中，在轴向破碎下对混合铝复合管进行有限元模拟和多目标优化，以研究金属体积分数 (MVF) 对目标函数、比能量吸收和峰值力的影响。此外，还研究了作为混合管基体金属的延性铝合金（Al-6061）的退火和回火效果。目标函数的最佳值在 [公式：见正文] 处获得（铝和复合材料的厚度相同）。还，韧性铝合金的退火对目标函数有负面影响。作为破碎下的纤维金属层压板设计的指导方针，建议使用回火Al-6061并增加复合材料的厚度，以便[公式：见正文]。