The phylogenetic relationships and possible origin of a putative non-native population of Podarcis muralis in Ukraine were assessed based on sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Ukrainian lizards belong to two distinct mitochondrial lineages (haplogroups), both occurring within the Central Balkan clade, which includes most of central and south-eastern European populations. From overall three detected Ukrainian haplotypes, one haplotype share same genetic signal with the hyplotype from the locality Bjala (Bulgaria), the other two are unique for Ukrainian population. Two of haplotypes correspond with haplogroup covering large geographic region of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Romania. These results reinforce previous findings that the species has the ability to establish new populations out of its native range. While most introductions to Germany and Britain have been deliberate, it appears likely that human transport of goods via the Danube river of goods is responsible for the range expansion into Ukraine.

中文翻译：

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乌克兰常见壁蜥Podarcis muralis（Laurenti，1768）的可能起源

基于线粒体基因细胞色素b的序列，评估了乌克兰Podarcis muralis的假定非本地种群的系统发生关系和可能的起源。系统发育分析表明，乌克兰蜥蜴属于两个不同的线粒体谱系（单倍体），都发生在巴尔干中部进化枝中，其中包括大多数中欧和东南欧种群。从总共检测到的三种乌克兰单倍型中，一种单倍型与来自Bjala（保加利亚）的单倍型具有相同的遗传信号，另外两种单倍型在乌克兰人口中是唯一的。两个单倍型对应于覆盖保加利亚，塞尔维亚和罗马尼亚大地理区域的单倍群。这些结果加强了先前的发现，即该物种具有在其本地范围之外建立新种群的能力。尽管对德国和英国的大多数介绍都是经过精心设计的，但似乎人们通过多瑙河的货物运输将货物运输到了乌克兰。