There is a rich body of literature addressing the topic of illegal hunting of wild terrestrial mammals. Studies on this topic have risen over the last decade as species are under increasing risk from anthropogenic threats. Sub-Saharan Africa contains the highest number of terrestrial mammals listed as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered. However, the spatial distribution of illegal hunting incidences is not well documented. To address this knowledge gap, the systematic map presented here aims to answer three research questions: (1) What data are available on the spatial distribution of illegal hunting of terrestrial mammals in Sub-Saharan Africa in relation to environmental and anthropogenic correlates i.e. proximity to roads, water bodies, human settlement areas, different land tenure arrangements and anti-poaching ranger patrol bases? (2) Which research methodologies have primarily been used to collect quantitative data and how comparable are these data? (3) Is there a bias in the research body toward particular taxa and geographical areas? Systematic searches were carried out across eight bibliographic databases; articles were screened against pre-defined criteria. Only wild terrestrial mammals listed as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) whose geographical range falls in Sub-Saharan Africa and whose threat assessment includes hunting and trapping were included. To meet our criteria, studies were required to include quantitative, spatially explicit data. In total 14,325 articles were screened at the level of title and abstract and 206 articles were screened at full text. Forty-seven of these articles met the pre-defined inclusion criteria. Spatially explicit data on illegal hunting are available for 29 species in 19 of the 46 countries that constitute Sub-Saharan Africa. Data collection methods include GPS and radio tracking, bushmeat household and market surveys, data from anti-poaching patrols, hunting follows and first-hand monitoring of poaching signs via line transects, audio and aerial surveys. Most studies have been conducted in a single protected area exploring spatial patterns in illegal hunting with respect to the surrounding land. Several spatial biases were detected. There is a considerable lack of systematically collected quantitative data showing the distribution of illegal hunting incidences and few comparative studies between different tenure areas. The majority of studies have been conducted in a single protected area looking at hunting on a gradient to surrounding village land. From the studies included in the map it is evident there are spatial patterns regarding environmental and anthropogenic correlates. For example, hunting increases in proximity to transport networks (roads and railway lines), to water sources, to the border of protected areas and to village land. The influence of these spatial features could be further investigated through meta-analysis. There is a diverse range of methods in use to collect data on illicit hunting mainly drawing on pre-existing law enforcement data or researcher led surveys detecting signs of poaching. There are few longitudinal studies with most studies representing just one season of data collection and there is a geographical research bias toward Tanzania and a lack of studies in Central Africa.

中文翻译：

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撒哈拉以南非洲非法狩猎陆地哺乳动物的空间分布：系统图

关于非法狩猎野生陆生哺乳动物的话题，有大量的文献资料。在过去的十年中，由于物种受到人为威胁的风险日益增加，对此主题的研究有所增加。撒哈拉以南非洲的陆生哺乳动物数量最多，被列为脆弱，濒危或极度濒危。但是，没有充分记录非法狩猎事件的空间分布。为了解决这一知识鸿沟，此处介绍的系统地图旨在回答三个研究问题：（1）关于环境和人为因素，即与撒哈拉以南非洲地区的非法接触，撒哈拉以南非洲陆地哺乳动物非法狩猎的空间分布方面可获得哪些数据？道路，水域，人类住区，不同的土地保有权安排和反偷猎巡逻基地？（2）哪些研究方法主要用于收集定量数据，这些数据的可比性如何？（3）研究机构是否偏向特定的分类单元和地理区域？在八个书目数据库中进行了系统搜索；根据预定义的标准筛选文章。仅包括国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）列为脆弱，濒危或极度濒危的野生陆生哺乳动物，其地理范围位于撒哈拉以南非洲，其威胁评估包括狩猎和诱捕。为了满足我们的标准，需要进行研究以包括定量的，空间明确的数据。总计14 在标题和摘要级别筛选了325条文章，在全文中筛选了206条文章。这些文章中有47个符合预定的纳入标准。撒哈拉以南非洲地区46个国家/地区中有19个国家/地区有29种物种的非法狩猎空间明确数据。数据收集方法包括GPS和无线电跟踪，食用森林猎物家庭和市场调查，反偷猎巡逻的数据，狩猎追踪以及通过线样线，音频和空中调查对偷猎迹象进行第一手监控。大多数研究是在单个保护区中进行的，探索有关周围土地非法狩猎的空间格局。检测到几个空间偏差。缺乏系统收集的定量数据来显示非法狩猎事件的分布，并且在不同的保有权地区之间缺乏比较研究。大多数研究是在单个保护区内进行的，目的是在与周围村庄土地成梯度的地方狩猎。从地图中包含的研究中可以明显看出，存在与环境和人为因素相关的空间格局。例如，狩猎在靠近运输网络（公路和铁路线），水源，保护区边界和乡村土地的地方增加。这些空间特征的影响可以通过荟萃分析进一步研究。收集非法狩猎数据的方法多种多样，主要是利用现有的执法数据或研究人员主导的调查来发现偷猎迹象。纵向研究很少，大多数研究仅代表一个季度的数据收集，而且地理研究偏向坦桑尼亚，而中非则缺乏研究。