Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently linked RNAs that exhibit individual strand with a closed-loop framework compared with a conserving, steady and abundant linear counterpart. In recent years, as high-throughput sequencing advancement has been developing, functional circRNAs have been increasingly recognized, and more extensive analyses expounded their effect on different diseases. However, the study on the function of circRNAs in the immune system remains insufficient. This study discusses the basic principles of circRNAs regulation and the systems involved in physiology-related and pathology-related processes. The effect of circRNAs on immune regulation is elucidated. The ongoing development of circRNAs and basic immunology has multiplied their potential in treating diseases. Such perspective will summarize the status and effect of circRNAs on various immune cells in cancer, autoimmune diseases and infections. Moreover, this study will primarily expound the system of circRNAs in T lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells, which creates a novel perspective and lay a theoretical basis for treating diseases.

中文翻译：

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环状RNA在免疫领域的新兴格局：突破和挑战。

环状RNA（circRNA）是共价连接的RNA，与保守，稳定和丰富的线性对应物相比，具有闭环框架的单链。近年来，随着高通量测序技术的发展，功能性circRNA已得到越来越多的认可，并且更广泛的分析阐明了它们对不同疾病的影响。然而，关于circRNA在免疫系统中的功能的研究仍然不足。这项研究讨论了circRNA调控的基本原理以及涉及生理学和病理学过程的系统。阐明了circRNA对免疫调节的作用。circRNA和基础免疫学的不断发展使它们在疾病治疗方面的潜力成倍增长。这种观点将总结circRNA对癌症，自身免疫性疾病和感染中各种免疫细胞的状态和作用。而且，这项研究将主要阐述T淋巴细胞，巨噬细胞和其他免疫细胞中的circRNA系统，这将为疾病的治疗提供新的视角和理论基础。