ABSTRACT Secondary somatic embryogenesis was observed in the suspension culture of bract-derived banana calli in the presence of liquid Murashige and Skoog medium with additives such as glutamine (0.68–34.21 µM), biotin (0.40–20.46 µM), or ascorbic acid (0.56–28.38 µM) along with malt extract (100 mg/l). After the initiation of homogenous cell suspension, fully developed somatic embryos were observed after fifth subculture in the four cultivars. Somatic embryos were successfully regenerated in basal MS medium and were transplanted after fifth week. After fifth subculture, the frequency of somatic embryos increased in each culture flask. Maximum number of somatic embryos were observed in cv. Sannachenkadali (46.12 ± 0.85a) when cultured in liquid MS medium supplemented with biotin (8.18 µM) along with malt extract (100 mg/l), in followed by cv. Matti (44.75 ± 1.19a) having (AA) genome. SEM analysis revealed the presence of secondary somatic embryos on the surface of primary somatic embryos in each culture and it attributed a high frequency of somatic embryogenesis. The addition of biotin along with malt extract increased the frequency of secondary somatic embryogenesis in the diploid banana cultivars.

中文翻译：

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喀拉拉邦四种二倍体香蕉品种悬浮培养中二次体细胞胚胎发生的增强

摘要 在含有谷氨酰胺（0.68–34.21 µM）、生物素（0.40–20.46 µM）或抗坏血酸（0.56 –28.38 µM) 以及麦芽提取物 (100 mg/l)。在同质细胞悬浮液开始后，在四个栽培品种中第五次传代后观察到完全发育的体细胞胚。体细胞胚胎在基础 MS 培养基中成功再生，并在第五周后移植。第五次传代后，每个培养瓶中体细胞胚胎的频率增加。在 cv 中观察到最大体细胞胚胎数。Sannachenkadali (46.12 ± 0.85a) 当在补充有生物素 (8.18 µM) 和麦芽提取物 (100 mg/l) 的液体 MS 培养基中培养时，随后是 cv。Matti (44.75 ± 1.19a) 具有 (AA) 基因组。SEM 分析揭示了在每种培养物中初级体细胞胚胎表面上存在次级体细胞胚胎，这归因于体细胞胚胎发生的高频率。生物素和麦芽提取物的添加增加了二倍体香蕉品种中次生体细胞胚胎发生的频率。