SUMMARY Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a perennial and autogamous plant belonging to Umbelliferae family, which grows in Central Asia and Europe. It is a medicinal plant, with seeds and oil used in treating several diseases and is employed in the human food industry. Reduction of blood sugar and anticancer effects are the main therapeutic properties of black cumin oil. Hypoglycaemia and hypocholesterolemia are two modern lifestyle diseases, and feeding of black cumin may be useful to solve these conditions. The available literature reports that the addition of black cumin seeds improved performance (at supplementation levels of 3-5% in diet) and influenced positively (at supplementation levels of 2-3% in diet) the intestinal microflora of broilers. Black cumin oil, administered up to 3% in the diet, reduced the number of thrombocytes and neutrophils and increased lymphocytes in broilers. Black cumin seeds may increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids and enhance the antioxidant properties of poultry meat (when fed up to 2% in diet). In laying hens, feeding black cumin oil at 1-2% in feed increased egg mass and improved egg quality, especially in the early production phase, and reduced gut E. coli count. Dietary supplementation with black cumin (2% as seeds or 0.5% as oil) in quail diets improved performance (growth and egg production) and reduced significantly the harmful bacteria in the gut. In this review, the recent findings on the effects of dietary black cumin on poultry performance, immune response, plasma constitutes, gut microbiota and enzyme activity are reviewed and discussed.

中文翻译：

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黑孜然 (Nigella sativa L.) 的饲养及其对家禽生产和健康的影响

总结 黑孜然 (Nigella sativa L.) 是一种多年生自交植物，属于伞形科，生长在中亚和欧洲。它是一种药用植物，其种子和油可用于治疗多种疾病，并用于人类食品工业。降低血糖和抗癌作用是黑孜然油的主要治疗特性。低血糖症和低胆固醇血症是两种现代生活方式疾病，食用黑孜然可能有助于解决这些问题。现有文献报道，添加黑孜然籽可提高肉鸡的生产性能（在日粮中添加 3-5% 的水平）并对肉鸡的肠道菌群产生积极影响（在日粮中添加 2-3% 的水平）。黑孜然油，在饮食中的含量高达 3%，减少了肉鸡的血小板和中性粒细胞的数量，增加了淋巴细胞。黑孜然种子可能会增加不饱和脂肪酸的含量并增强禽肉的抗氧化特性（当在饮食中喂食高达 2% 时）。在蛋鸡中，在饲料中添加 1-2% 的黑孜然油可增加鸡蛋质量并改善鸡蛋质量，尤其是在早期生产阶段，并减少肠道大肠杆菌计数。在鹌鹑饮食中添加黑孜然（2% 作为种子或 0.5% 作为油）可改善性能（生长和产蛋量）并显着减少肠道中的有害细菌。在这篇综述中，回顾和讨论了最近关于日粮黑孜然对家禽生产性能、免疫反应、血浆成分、肠道微生物群和酶活性的影响的研究结果。黑孜然籽可能会增加不饱和脂肪酸的含量并增强禽肉的抗氧化特性（当在饮食中喂食高达 2% 时）。在蛋鸡中，在饲料中添加 1-2% 的黑孜然油可增加鸡蛋质量并改善鸡蛋质量，尤其是在早期生产阶段，并减少肠道大肠杆菌计数。在鹌鹑饮食中添加黑孜然（2% 作为种子或 0.5% 作为油）可改善性能（生长和产蛋量）并显着减少肠道中的有害细菌。在这篇综述中，回顾和讨论了最近关于日粮黑孜然对家禽生产性能、免疫反应、血浆成分、肠道微生物群和酶活性的影响的研究结果。黑孜然种子可能会增加不饱和脂肪酸的含量并增强禽肉的抗氧化特性（当在饮食中喂食高达 2% 时）。在蛋鸡中，在饲料中添加 1-2% 的黑孜然油可增加鸡蛋质量并改善鸡蛋质量，尤其是在早期生产阶段，并减少肠道大肠杆菌计数。在鹌鹑饮食中添加黑孜然（2% 作为种子或 0.5% 作为油）可改善性能（生长和产蛋量）并显着减少肠道中的有害细菌。在这篇综述中，回顾和讨论了最近关于日粮黑孜然对家禽生产性能、免疫反应、血浆成分、肠道微生物群和酶活性的影响的研究结果。