ABSTRACT Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that enable the conversion of a given mechanical energy into electrical energy at high efficiency have been very important in practice. Since the given mechanical energy is involuntarily converted to secondary energy sources (light, heat, and sound during triboelectrification), the significant amount of energy being converted is lost. Various studies have thus been continuously carried out to overcome this issue. Since the first TENGs found in 2012, various developments in TENGs have been made: (1) the mechanical-electrical energy conversion characteristics of potential organic/inorganic material groups have been introduced, (2) the integration into the device structure considering the diversity of mechanical energy, and (3) user friendly and industrial application platforms have been aggressively studied. Despite the remarkable progress and improvement of TENGs, their mechanical-electrical conversion efficiency is still quite low. We therefore need to discover and develop materials that can be converted to improve efficiency. Here, we outline the recent progress made in a group of high polarity triboelectric materials that exploit surface charge density and charge transfer properties. We also review the recent boosting powering TENGs. The aim of this work is to provide insight into the future direction and strategies for highly enhanced powering TENGs through material research.

中文翻译：

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在摩擦纳米发电机中实现高能量转换效率

摘要 摩擦纳米发电机 (TENG) 能够将给定的机械能高效地转换为电能，在实践中非常重要。由于给定的机械能会不由自主地转换为二次能源（摩擦起电过程中的光、热和声音），因此会损失大量被转换的能量。因此，不断进行各种研究来克服这个问题。自 2012 年发现第一个 TENGs 以来，TENGs 取得了各种发展：（1）引入了潜在有机/无机材料组的机械-电能转换特性，（2）考虑到多样性的集成到器件结构中机械能，(3) 积极研究用户友好和工业应用平台。尽管 TENG 取得了显着的进步和改进，但它们的机电转换效率仍然很低。因此，我们需要发现和开发可以转化以提高效率的材料。在这里，我们概述了一组利用表面电荷密度和电荷转移特性的高极性摩擦电材料的最新进展。我们还回顾了最近的增强动力 TENG。这项工作的目的是通过材料研究为高度增强的 TENGs 提供对未来方向和策略的见解。因此，我们需要发现和开发可以转化以提高效率的材料。在这里，我们概述了一组利用表面电荷密度和电荷转移特性的高极性摩擦电材料的最新进展。我们还回顾了最近的增强动力 TENG。这项工作的目的是通过材料研究为高度增强的 TENGs 提供对未来方向和策略的见解。因此，我们需要发现和开发可以转化以提高效率的材料。在这里，我们概述了一组利用表面电荷密度和电荷转移特性的高极性摩擦电材料的最新进展。我们还回顾了最近的增强动力 TENG。这项工作的目的是通过材料研究为高度增强的 TENGs 提供对未来方向和策略的见解。